人間と類人猿の多能幹細胞における異なるL1調節
Maria C N Marchetto1, Iñigo Narvaiza1, Ahmet M Denli1
1Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Nature
|October 25, 2013
まとめ
誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPS) は,ヒトと非ヒト類霊長類 (NHPs) の間の長い間隔の元素-1 (L1) トランポゾン活性における違いを明らかにする. これらの発見は,L1の移動性の変異が,類人猿の進化的適応と種の発生を促す可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 幹細胞の研究についてです.
背景:
- 人間とヒト以外の霊長類 (NHP) の進化に関する比較研究は,伝統的に保存された組織に依存しており,生細胞の行動や遺伝子操作に関する洞察を制限しています.
- 誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPS) は,表型差異と適応と種化におけるそれらの潜在的な役割の研究のための新しい生物学的リソースを提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- チンパンジーとボノボのiPS細胞を,類人猿の進化を調査するためのツールとして生成し,特徴づけること.
- 人間の細胞とNHP iPS細胞の間の細胞および分子差異,特に長い間隔の元素-1 (L1) トランスポーソンの調節における差異を調査する.
主な方法:
- チンパンジーとボノボのiPS細胞の生成と特徴付け.
- 人間とNHP iPS細胞の比較遺伝子発現分析.
- L1レトロトランポゾン活性とL1制限因子の役割 (APOBEC3B/A3BとPIWIL2) の調査.
主要な成果:
- NHP iPS 細胞は,ヒト iPS 細胞と比較して,L1 制限因子 (A3B と PIWIL2) のレベルが低下した.
- これらの要因の低いレベルは,NHP iPS細胞におけるL1の移動性と内生的なL1メッセンジャーRNAレベルの増加と相関していた.
- チンパンジーのゲノムでは,種特有のL1要素の複製数が増加していることが判明し,L1の移動性は細胞培養を超えて発生することを示唆しています.
結論:
- 人間とNHPの間のL1トランポゾン調節と移動性の差異は,霊長類のゲノム進化を著しく形作っている可能性がある.
- L1活動の変化は,適応と種化の重要な要因であり,継続的な適応的意義を持つ可能性があります.
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