Themisは,T細胞発達のポジティブ・ネガティブ・セレクションのシグナル値を設定する
Guo Fu1, Javier Casas2, Stephanie Rigaud3
1Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Nature
|November 15, 2013
まとめ
Themisタンパク質は,T細胞発達の過程でT細胞受容体 (TCR) 信号の強さを調節する. 弱い信号を弱めることでT細胞の適切な陽性選択を保証し,感染病原体の認識を可能にします.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- T細胞受容体 (TCR) のシグナル伝達は,自己耐性T細胞のレパートリーを開発するために不可欠です.
- 胸腺におけるT細胞の発達には,MHCタンパク質によって提示される自己ペプチドに対するTCR親和性に基づく陽性と陰性の選択が含まれます.
- 低親和の相互作用はポジティブな選択を促進し,高親和の相互作用はネガティブな選択またはアゴニストの選択につながる.
研究 の 目的:
- T細胞発達の過程でTCR信号の強さを調節するT細胞特異タンパク質Themisの役割を調査する.
- テミスがT細胞の正の選択に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- TCR信号の衰弱におけるThemisの機能を調査した.
- SHP1.1とのThemisの相互作用を調べました.
- T細胞選択のTCR親和度値に対するThemisの影響を分析した.
主要な成果:
- Themisは特に,低親和のTCRエンゲージメントに対応してTCR信号の強さを弱めますが,高親和のエンゲージメントには対応しません.
- Themisは,アナログからデジタル変換器として機能し,階層化されたTCRの親和性を明確な選択結果に変換します.
- Themisは軽度のTCR信号を抑制し,T細胞活性化のための親近性値を上昇させ,ナイブT細胞のポジティブな選択を可能にします.
結論:
- Themisは,TCR信号の強さを微調整することによって,T細胞の陽性選択に不可欠です.
- Themisは,自己耐性を維持しながら病原体を認識できる機能的なT細胞レパートリーの開発を保証します.
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