分子内エノンのエナチオセレクティブルイス酸触媒 [2+2] フォトサイクロアディション反応
1Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
まとめ
チラル・ルイス酸は,吸収スペクトルを変化させることで,5,6-ジヒドロ-4-ピリドンのエナチオセレクティブ光化学サイクル添加を可能にします. これは,ルピニンなどの複雑な分子を合成するための非対称な触媒を進歩させる.
科学分野:
- 有機化学 オーガニック・ケミストリー
- フォトケミストリー フォトケミストリー
- アシンメトリック・カタリシス
背景:
- 光化学的なサイクル添加の非対称な触媒は,非選択的な背景反応のために困難です.
- 5,6-ディヒドロ-4-ピリドンは,高横断 ππ* 移行を持つ多用途のエノン基板です.
研究 の 目的:
- 5,6-ジヒドロ-4-ピリドンを用いた光化学 [2+2]サイクロアディションのエナンチオセレクティブ法を開発する.
- 非対称な光サイクロ添加で背景反応を抑制する限界を克服するために.
主な方法:
- ルイス酸の5,6-ディヒドロ-4-ピリドンへの調整は,バトクロミック吸収シフト (>50 nm) を引き起こします.
- エナチオセレクティブの分子内 [2+2] フォトサイクロアディションは,キラルルイス酸 (0.5等価) と366nm照射を用いて実施した.
主要な成果:
- 分子内 [2+2] フォトサイクロ添加で82-90%のエナティオメア過剰を達成した.
- 合成された (+) - ルピニンと (+) - サーモプシンの中間物質は,光環添加製品を使用します.
- 同じようなバトクロミックシフトが,ルイス酸を含む他のエノンでも観察された.
結論:
- チラル・ルイス酸触媒は,エナチオセレクティブエノン [2+2] フォトサイクロアディションの一般的な戦略です.
- この方法は,光化学反応の制御を強化し,複雑な分子合成を可能にします.
関連する概念動画
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
2.4K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
2.4K
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
1.4K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.4K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation
1.7K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
1.7K
Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
1.6K
The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
1.6K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview
2.2K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.2K
Reactivity of Enolate Ions
2.5K
Enolate ions are formed by the acid–base reaction of a carbonyl compound with a base. This leads to deprotonation of the α hydrogen atom, leading to a resonance-stabilized enolate ion where one of the contributing structures is an oxyanion, which imparts additional stability. Therefore, the proton on the α carbon is more acidic in nature than that of other sp3-hybridized C–H bonds but less acidic than those in O–H bonds where the negative charge in the conjugate...
2.5K

![Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F60786.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
