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関連する概念動画

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

31
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
31
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

31
Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
31
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

68
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
68
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

43
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

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The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
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脳性麻痺 (Cerebral palsy) とは,脳性麻痺を患っている人.

Allan Colver1, Charles Fairhurst2, Peter O D Pharoah3

  • 1Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
まとめ

脳性麻痺 (CP) は,安定した罹患率を有する幼児期の運動障害のグループです. 過去の多くの介入の証拠が弱いため,生活の質と社会参加に重点を置くべきです.

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科学分野:

  • 神経学 神経学とは
  • 小児科は小児科です.
  • 発達障害 発達障害について

背景:

  • 脳性麻痺 (CP) は,幼児期のさまざまな運動および姿勢障害を網羅しています.
  • 罹患率は1000生児につき2〜3.5で安定しており,近年の産周介護の変更の影響を受けていません.
  • 関連する障害 (コミュニケーション,知性,) と重症度は大きく異なります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 脳性麻痺に関する現在の理解を要約すると,
  • 生活の質と社会参加に焦点を当てた介入の必要性を強調する.
  • 将来の研究と予防戦略の分野を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 脳性麻痺の流行,介入,および病原性に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
  • 流行傾向と関連する要因の分析.
  • 現在の治療法の有効性に関する証拠の統合.

主要な成果:

  • CPに対する多くの伝統的な薬,手術,治療法を裏付ける証拠は限られている.
  • 病原性の理解は進化しており,複数の妊娠,遺伝子環境相互作用,脳の可塑性などの役割があります.
  • 新生児後のCPの罹患率は,改善された栄養,感染制御,事故予防,特に開発途上国での改善によって減少することが可能である.

結論:

  • 脳性麻痺に対する介入アプローチは,生涯の生活の質と社会的参加を優先すべきである.
  • 将来の進歩は,CPの根本的なメカニズムと影響要因のより深い理解から生じるかもしれません.
  • 予防戦略は,特に新生児後のCPでは,特に資源が限られた環境では,大きな可能性を秘めています.