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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.5K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.1K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.1K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

47.2K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing...
47.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.9K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
1.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.3K

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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2つの超伝導量子ビットの間の自律的に安定した絡み合い.

S Shankar1, M Hatridge1, Z Leghtas1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Nature
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,自律的なフィードバックを使用して2量子ビットの超伝導システムで絡み合ったベル状態を安定させました. この画期的な発見は,量子エラー補正と大規模量子コンピュータの開発を進めています.

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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科学分野:

  • 量子コンピューティング
  • 量子情報科学とは,量子情報科学である.
  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学

背景:

  • 量子エラーの修正は,スケーラブルな量子コンピュータにとって極めて重要です.
  • 量子状態を非相関性に対して安定させることは,重要な課題です.
  • 以前の方法は,測定に基づくフィードバックに依存していました.

研究 の 目的:

  • 2量子ビットの超伝導系において,絡み合ったベル状態の安定化を実証する.
  • 量子状態の安定化のための自律的なフィードバックスキームを開発する.
  • 量子エラー補正のためのビルディングブロックを提供するために.

主な方法:

  • 連続駆動による自律的なフィードバックスキームを利用した.
  • 2量子ビットレジスタと消耗貯蔵庫の間の特定のカップリングを設計しました.
  • デコエレンスに対抗するために,エンジニアリングによる分散を活用した.

主要な成果:

  • 2つの超伝導クビットの絡み合ったベル状態を任意の期間で安定させることに成功した.
  • 自律的なフィードバック・スキームは,フィードバック・ループをハミルトニアンに統合した.
  • システムの安定状態はベル状態であり,量子情報処理に不可欠である.

結論:

  • 自動フィードバック・スキームは,量子エラーの修正に新しいアプローチを提供します.
  • エンジニアリングによる分散は,複雑な外部フィードバックループの必要性を排除します.
  • この技術は,さまざまな量子システムに広く適用され,堅牢な量子計算の道を開く.