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X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
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DNA媒介によるナノ粒子の結晶化により,ウルフ多面体となる.

Evelyn Auyeung1, Ting I N G Li1, Andrew J Senesi2

  • 11] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Nature
|November 29, 2013
PubMed
まとめ

DNA誘導ナノ粒子の結晶化は,非常に遅い冷却を使用して,予測可能なウルフ均衡結晶構造を生成します. この方法は原子結晶化を模倣し,ナノ粒子結晶の習慣と対称性を制御する課題を克服します.

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関連する実験動画

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科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • ナノテクノロジー ナノテクノロジー
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学

背景:

  • 分子結晶化の予測は,分子相互作用と溶媒効果のために複雑です.
  • ナノ粒子の結晶化は,しばしば無制御の乾燥と沈殿技術に依存しています.
  • DNA媒介アセンブリは,制御されたナノ粒子結晶化のための潜在的な経路を提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 予測可能な結晶形成のためのDNA誘導ナノ粒子結晶化を調査する.
  • DNA誘導アセンブリが平衡の結晶構造を達成できるかどうかを判断する.
  • ナノ粒子結晶の習慣と対称性を制御する方法を確立する.

主な方法:

  • 補完的なDNA改変ナノ粒子を利用する.
  • システムの融解温度を通して,非常にゆっくりとした冷却プロセス (数日間) を実施します.
  • 理論的予測と分子動力学シミュレーションを使用してナノ粒子アセンブリを分析する.

主要な成果:

  • ナノ粒子アセンブリで特定の,均一な結晶の習慣を達成した.
  • 理論的予測と一致する,ウォルフ平衡の結晶構造を観測した.
  • DNAのハイブリッド化により,原子結晶を模倣したナノ粒子組成を直接行うことが示された.

結論:

  • DNA改変ナノ粒子の非常にゆっくりとした冷却により,熱力学的に安定した結晶が生成されます.
  • DNA誘導アセンブリは,ナノ粒子結晶化のための制御可能な経路を提供します.
  • このアプローチは,ナノ材料で望ましい結晶構造を設計するための経路を提供します.