神経活動障害は,出生後の臨界期間の脳血管新生を妨害する
Christina Whiteus1, Catarina Freitas2, Jaime Grutzendler1
11] Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA [2] Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
Nature
|December 6, 2013
まとめ
新生児マウスにおける過度の神経刺激は,脳の血管の成長をひどく阻害し,長期的な欠陥を引き起こします. この臨界期は,早期の感覚と運動の過剰活性化が血管の発達と脳の健康に与える影響を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
- 血管生物学 血管生物学
背景:
- 新生児の脳の発達には,神経回路の改造と脳微血管の精錬が伴う.
- この期間の血管パターンに対する神経活動の影響は,ほとんど不明のままである.
研究 の 目的:
- 神経活動パターンが新生児マウスの皮質マイクロ血管発達に影響するかどうかを調査する.
- 神経活動の変化が血管新生と血管密度に与える影響を判断する.
主な方法:
- 新生児のマウスは,感覚の入力減少 (ひげのカット) または活動の増加 (環境の充実) を経験しました.
- 音による慢性的な刺激,ひげの傾斜,または運動活動が適用されました.
- 化学的に誘発された発作と in vivo 2フォトン顕微鏡を用いた.
- 酸化窒素合成酵素 (NOS) 阻害およびNOS欠乏性マウスを使用した.
主要な成果:
- 感覚の入力が減少しても,適度な濃縮も,マイクロ血管の発達に影響を与えなかった.
- 慢性的な多動性により,血管新生が停止し,特定の皮質領域のマイクロ血管密度が低下しました.
- この効果は,酸化窒素によって媒介される内皮増殖と発芽の減少と関連していました.
- 血管の欠陥は刺激後も持続し,重要な発達窓を示しています.
- 成人マウスは,神経活動が変化した血管の変化を示さなかった.
結論:
- 新生児期の過度の感覚運動刺激は,血管新生を批判的に阻害する.
- 過活動性ニューロンとグリア細胞から放出される酸化窒素は,抗血管新生因子であるようです.
- 人生の初期に過度な刺激を受けると,生涯にわたるマイクロ血管の欠乏が起こり,脳の機能や病理に影響を及ぼします.
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