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騒々しい遺伝子発現における遺伝的決定因子と細胞の制約
1The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 7, 2013
まとめ
遺伝子の発現は,ランダムで突発的な転写によって変化します. この研究では,転写運動学が遺伝子特異的であるか,または普遍的な細胞規則に従っているのかを調査し,異なる生物体で両方の証拠を発見しました.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- システム生物学 システム生物学
背景:
- トランスクリプションは,DNAからRNAを生成するプロセスであり,単一分子レベルで本質的にランダムです.
- このランダム性は,しばしば,細胞の"騒音"や遺伝子発現の変異に影響を及ぼす,断続的な活動爆発として現れます.
- これらのトランスクリプションの動力学に対する遺伝子特異因子の相対的な貢献と,一般的な細胞機構の相対的な貢献は,議論の余地があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 転写突発の頻度とサイズが遺伝子特異のプロモーター配列によってどの程度決定されるかを調査する.
- 普遍的な細胞の制約がゲノム全体にわたる転写運動を決定するかどうかを調べるために.
- 転写運動学の遺伝子特異的およびゲノム全体の規制モデルを区別する.
主な方法:
- ゲノム全体の遺伝子発現ノイズデータの分析.
- モデル生物におけるプロモーター配列の体系的な実験的混乱.
- 単一分子転写運動の計算モデリング.
主要な成果:
- 遺伝子特異のプロモーター配列とゲノム全体の規制メカニズムの両方が転写運動学に影響を与えるという証拠があります.
- 遺伝子特異性とゲノム全体の調節のバランスは,バクテリア,酵母,動物細胞を含むさまざまな生物で異なります.
- 転写突発の特徴は,プロモーターの同一性によってのみ決定されるのではなく,より広範な細胞文脈によっても決定されます.
結論:
- 転写運動学は,遺伝子内在的性質と細胞外的因子の組み合わせによって形成されます.
- これらの二重の調節モードを理解することは,遺伝子発現の変動の起源を解読する上で極めて重要です.
- 将来の研究は,様々な生物系における遺伝子特異性およびゲノム全体の調節の貢献を正確に定量化することを目指すべきである.
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