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A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways
Published on: May 9, 2016
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サバンナの片方向性肺気流パターンは,トカゲのサバンナモニターです
Emma R Schachner1, Robert L Cieri1, James P Butler2
1Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
Nature
|December 17, 2013
まとめ
爬虫類の肺における片方向の空気流は,以前は鳥にしか見られないと考えられていたが,現在はモニター・ワニにも見られる. これは,呼吸パターンが初期のダイアプシドから受け継いだ古代の特徴である可能性を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 比較解剖学と生理学について
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 呼吸器系の研究 呼吸器系の研究
背景:
- 鳥の肺の片方向の空気流は,飛行のための高酸素需要とユニークな肺構造と関連しています.
- このパターンは,以前は鳥とそのアーコサウルスの親類 (クロコディリアン,恐竜,ペトロサウル) に限定されていると考えられていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 片方向の肺空気の流れの進化的起源を調査する.
- この呼吸パターンがダイアプシド (,ヘビ,ワニ,鳥) の祖先であるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- サバンナモニタートカゲ (Varanus exanthematicus) の肺における空気流動パターンを研究した.
- 鳥とワニの支氣管の解剖学的および発達的な類似性を比較した.
主要な成果:
- サバンナにおける地域特有の単方向の空気流が実証され,サバンの肺をモニターする.
- 鳥に似た空気力学弁がモニタートカゲに存在するという証拠が見つかりました.
結論:
- 片方向の空気流は, Diapsida のプレシオモルフィック (先祖) 特徴であり,アーコサウルスの特有ではないかもしれません.
- この呼吸器系は,初期のダイアプシドで進化し,鳥類が進化する1億年以上前に進化した可能性がある.
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