世界的ながんパターン:原因と予防
Paolo Vineis1, Christopher P Wild2
1MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London; HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 20, 2013
まとめ
主要ながん予防は非常に有効で,がん全体の3分の1から半分の予防が可能である. 予防戦略の優先順位付けは,特に低所得国において,世界的ながん対策に極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 癌は世界的な健康問題として増大しており,低所得国や中所得国に不均衡な影響を及ぼしています.
- これらの国は二重の負担に直面しています:既存の感染症関連の癌と,グローバル化された危険因子に関連した新しい非伝染性疾患です.
- 人口の変化は,これらの地域における癌の負担を悪化させている.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界的ながん管理の礎石として,初等予防を提唱する.
- 癌の発生率を低減するための主要な予防の有意義な可能性を強調する.
- 予防措置の長期的な利益と費用対効果を強調する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,がんの危険因子と予防に関する現在の知識をまとめています.
- 世界的にがんの負担に影響を与える疫学的傾向と経済的要因を分析しています.
- 著者は,既存の証拠に基づいて,プライマリ予防を優先させるためのケースを提示します.
主要な成果:
- すべての癌の33%から50%は,リスク要因に関する現在の知識があれば予防可能である.
- プライマリ予防は,他の非伝染性疾患を減らすことで,より広範な健康上の利益をもたらします.
- 規制措置などの予防措置は,長期的かつ持続可能な影響を及ぼします.
結論:
- 主要予防は,世界的ながん対策の極めて有効で重要な戦略です.
- 資源は,プライマリ予防のイニシアチブを実行し,維持するために優先されるべきです.
- 一次予防の統合は,世界中で増大する癌の負担を軽減するために不可欠です.
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