187か国における喫煙の流行とタバコの消費,1980年から2012年
Marie Ng1, Michael K Freeman1, Thomas D Fleming1
1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
JAMA
|January 9, 2014
まとめ
世界的に毎日喫煙する割合は,1980年から2012年の間に男女ともに著しく減少しました. しかし,人口増加により,喫煙者の総数は増加し,タバコの使用の継続的な脅威を強調しました.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- タバコの禁煙対策について
背景:
- タバコの使用は,病気の主要な世界的な危険因子です.
- タバコの普及と消費の国内動向を理解することは,効果的な公衆衛生の介入と,たばこ対策戦略の評価に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 年齢と性別による日常喫煙の世界的な流行を推定する.
- 1980年から2012年までの187カ国の1人当たりの1日平均喫煙たばこ数を測定した.
主な方法:
- 2102の全国的に代表的なタバコ使用調査を体系的に特定する.
- 日常喫煙の定義が異なるために調査データの調整.
- 空間・時間・ガウスのプロセス回帰を用いた38,315の年齢・性別・国・年の観測を合成した.
- 喫煙者1人当たりの1日1本のタバコを推定するために,罹患率と消費データのモデリング.
主要な成果:
- 世界的に年齢基準に合わせた毎日喫煙者の割合は,男性では41.2%から31.1%に,女性では10.6%から6.2%に減少した (1980-2012).
- 流行率の低下率は2006年以降に減速した.
- 流行率が低下しているにもかかわらず,毎日喫煙する人の総数は7億2,100万人から9億6,700万人に増加しました.
- 流行と消費の有意な変動は,異なる国,年齢層,性別で観察されました.
結論:
- 世界的に喫煙者の割合は減少しているが,人口増加は喫煙者の絶対数の増加につながっている.
- タバコの使用は,依然として世界的な健康に対する重大な脅威です.
- タバコの健康への影響を軽減するために,タバコのコントロールの努力を強化する必要があります.
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