禁煙のための薬理学的治療法
Kate Cahill1, Sarah Stevens2, Tim Lancaster1
1Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom2Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
JAMA
|January 9, 2014
まとめ
ニコチン置換療法 (NRT) とブプロピオンは,プラセボよりも高い禁煙率を示しています. ヴァレニクリンとNRTの組み合わせは最も効果的であり,いかなる治療にも関連した重大な有害事象はありません.
科学分野:
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
- 依存症医学 薬物中毒医学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 喫煙は,世界中で予防可能な死亡の主な原因であり続けています.
- 効果的な第一線薬剤療法が禁煙に不可欠である.
- ニコチン置換療法 (NRT),ブプロピオン,バレニクリンは確立された治療法です.
研究 の 目的:
- 長期禁煙におけるNRT,ブプロピオン,バレニクリンの有効性を比較する.
- これらのファーストラインの禁煙補助器具に関連した深刻な有害事象を評価する.
主な方法:
- ランダム化比較試験の体系的なレビューとメタ解析.
- ニコチン置換療法 (NRT),ブプロピオン,バレニクリンを評価した研究を含む.
- 6ヶ月以上の禁煙率と重篤な有害事象発生率の評価.
主要な成果:
- NRT (17.6%) とブプロピオン (19.1%) は,プラセボ (10.6%) と比較して,更なる停止率を示しました.
- ヴァレニクリン (27.6%) とNRT (31.5%) の組み合わせは,禁煙に最も高い効果を示しました.
- プラセボと比較して,アクティブ治療のいずれかの場合でも,重篤な有害事象の有意な増加は観察されなかった.
結論:
- ヴァレニクリンとNRTの組み合わせは,禁煙のための最も効果的な第一線薬剤療法です.
- NRT,ブプロピオン,バレニクリンを含むすべての評価された治療法は,深刻な有害事象に関して安全です.
- これらの発見は,喫煙をやめようとする個人にバレニクリンとNRTの組み合わせを使用することを支持しています.
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