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世界最大の肉食動物の状態と生態学的影響
William J Ripple1, James A Estes, Robert L Beschta
1Trophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 11, 2014
まとめ
大型肉食動物は,地球規模で減少しており,トロフィックカスケードを通じて生態系に影響を与えています. これらの種の保全は,生態学的バランスと人間の幸福のために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
- 野生生物管理とは,野生生物の管理です.
背景:
- 大型肉食動物は,人口の規模と地理的分布において,世界的に顕著な減少を経験しています.
- これらの頂点捕食者は,生態系の構造と機能を維持する上で重要な役割を果たします.
研究 の 目的:
- 31の最大の肉食哺乳類の保全状態を評価する.
- 大型肉食動物の減少と再導入による生態学的影響を強調する.
主な方法:
- 大型肉食動物集団とその生態学的影響に関する既存の経験的研究のレビュー.
- トロフィックカスケードの分析とそのカスケードが様々な分類種と生態系プロセスに与える影響.
主要な成果:
- 大型肉食動物の根絶または再導入は,重要なトロフィックカスケードを誘発します.
- これらのカスケードは,生物多様性,栄養循環,病気の動態,そして物理的な景観の特徴さえも変化させます.
- 観測された影響には,鳥類,哺乳類,無脊椎動物,およびヘルペトファウナの豊富さの変化; 肉食動物への補助金; 病気のダイナミクスの変化; 炭素結合; 河川の形態の変化; 農作物の損傷が含まれています.
結論:
- 大型肉食動物は,生態系の機能に深い影響を及ぼします.
- 人間の寛容性と共存の促進は,大型肉食動物の生存と生態系の健康のために不可欠です.
- 大型肉食動物の運命は,人間の幸福と密接に結びついている.
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