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関連する概念動画

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
2.3K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.1K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.1K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.1K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

1.7K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
1.7K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 3, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

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単結晶線形ポリマーは,可視光誘発トポケミカル定量ポリメリゼーションによる可視光誘発トポケミカル定量ポリメリゼーションによる.

Letian Dou1, Yonghao Zheng, Xiaoqin Shen

  • 1California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 18, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは,目に見える光でトリガーされたポリメリゼーション方法を開発し,大規模で高品質のポリマー単体結晶を作成しました. この可逆的なプロセスは,個々のポリマー鎖の研究を可能にし,ポリマー科学における重要な課題を克服します.

さらに関連する動画

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

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科学分野:

  • ポリマーサイエンスの科学
  • 材料化学 材料化学について
  • クリスタログラフィーです.

背景:

  • 大規模で高品質なポリマー単結晶を製造することは,ポリマー科学において大きな課題となっています.
  • 既存の方法は,しばしばスケーラビリティと結晶の完璧さに対する制御で苦労します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しい可視光誘発トポケミカルポリメリゼーション反応を実証する.
  • マクロスコープサイズの高品質のポリマー単体結晶を実現するために.
  • ポリメリゼーションプロセスの可逆性を調査し,個々のポリマー鎖を研究する.

主な方法:

  • 可視光誘発トポケミカルポリメリゼーションのための結合染料分子を利用しました.
  • 単結晶,濃縮溶液,半結晶薄膜におけるポリメリゼーションを調査した.
  • 単一ポリマーストランドを分離するために,デポリメリゼーションプロセスと機械的脱皮を研究するために,熱溶解を使用しました.

主要な成果:

  • マクロスコープサイズの高品質のポリマー単体結晶を成功裏に取得しました.
  • ポリメリゼーションが単結晶だけでなく,濃縮溶液や薄膜でも有効であることを実証した.
  • 熱分解によるポリメリゼーション-デポリメリゼーションプロセスの可逆性を確認しました.
  • 単一の長いポリマー鎖を分離し,機械的剥離を介して研究することが可能になった.

結論:

  • 可視光誘発ポリメリゼーション方法は,マクロスコープのポリマー単体結晶への実行可能な経路を提供します.
  • このポリメリゼーションの可逆性により,ダイナミックなポリマー材料の可能性が生まれます.
  • 単一のポリマー鎖を分離する能力は,ポリマー鎖の特性に関する基本的な研究を容易にする.