rRNA転写の変化は,幹細胞系統内の増殖と細胞運命を影響する
Qiao Zhang1, Nevine A Shalaby, Michael Buszczak
1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 18, 2014
まとめ
ドロソフィラの生殖系幹細胞の増殖は,新しいRNAポリメラーゼI複合体によって制御されます. リボソームのRNA合成を調節することで,これらの幹細胞の細胞の運命,成長,増殖に影響されます.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 分子遺伝学 分子遺伝学
背景:
- リボソーム生物生成は,細胞の成長と増殖に不可欠です.
- 特定の細胞タイプにおけるリボソーム生体生成を制御するメカニズムは十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラのRNAポリメラーゼI (Pol I) の調節因子を特定する.
- 卵巣の生殖幹細胞 (GSC) の増殖と分化におけるPol I調節の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 未開発 (Udd),TAF1B,TAF1Cのような因子を含む新しいPol I規制複合体の特定.
- udd または TAF1B.の破壊時にGSCの増殖と微分化の分析.
- リボソームのRNA (rRNA) 転写レベルと,GSCおよび分化細胞におけるMad発現の定量化.
主要な成果:
- uddまたはTAF1Bの障害は,卵巣GSCの増殖を阻害する.
- Uddは,分化細胞と比較してGSCに富み,高いrRNA転写と相関しています.
- Pol Iの転写を変化させると,GSCの分化,細胞の運命,マッドの発現に影響する.
結論:
- 新しいPol Iの規制複合体 (Udd,TAF1B,TAF1Cのような) がGSCの拡散を制御しています.
- この複合体によるrRNA合成の調節は,雌ドロソフィラGSCの細胞の運命,成長,増殖に影響を与える.
- この研究は,リボソームの生体生成と,BMPシグナル伝達のような発達経路との関連性を明らかにしています.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
01:21Lineage Commitment
3.4K
Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:
3.4K
01:14Maintenance of the ES Cell State
1.9K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
1.9K
01:29Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
2.1K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.1K
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
1.4K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.4K
01:26Stem Cell Niche
5.0K
The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
5.0K
01:24Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
1.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.4K