青少年における一般的な精神障害の予後:14年間の前向きなコホート研究
George C Patton1, Carolyn Coffey2, Helena Romaniuk3
1Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 21, 2014
まとめ
多くの青春期の精神疾患は,20代後半までに解決し,特に短いエピソードがあります. 青春期のより長い期間は,持続性を予測しますが,エピソードを短くする介入は,将来の精神衛生問題を予防する希望を提供します.
科学分野:
- 精神科医は精神病を患っている.
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 一般的な精神障害は青春期に始まり,多くの成人は24歳になる前に最初の症状を経験します.
- 青春期における不安やうつ病は一般的だが,これらの状態が成人期まで持続するか,青春期における解消かは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 青春期における一般的な精神障害のパターンを記述し,若年成人期まで持続する.
- 青春期から成人期までの精神障害の持続性の予測要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- オーストラリアのビクトリア州から1943人の青少年を対象とした層格化されたランダムサンプルは,5つの青少年タイムポイントと3つの若年成人タイムポイントで,改訂された臨床面接スケジュール (CIS-R) を使用して一般的な精神障害について評価されました.
- 評価は平均年齢15.5歳から29.1歳までの範囲で,CIS-Rのカットオフスコアが12点以上であった主な分析を用いた.
主要な成果:
- 女性参加者の半数以上 (54%) と男性参加者の29%が,思春期に少なくとも一度,高いCIS-Rスコア (≥12) を報告した.
- 思春期の精神疾患の持続期間が長かったことが,永続的な若年成人障害の最も強い予測因子であった (OR=3.16).
- 両親の別居/離婚歴のある少女や青少年では,継続的な障害の可能性が高くなりましたが,20代後半には急激に減少しました.
結論:
- 青春期の精神障害は,しばしば若年成人期の精神障害に先立ちますが,特に短いエピソードは,多くの場合10代に限られています.
- 症状の寛解は20代後半に一般的であり,多くの場合,自然な解消を示唆しています.
- 思春期の精神疾患の期間を短くすることを目的とした介入は,長期的な罹病率を大幅に減らすことができます.
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