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Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

12.1K
The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
2.1K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Updated: May 3, 2026

Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures
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Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures

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ミエリン形成とリモデリング

R Douglas Fields1

  • 1National Institutes of Health, NICHD, Bldg. 35, Room 2A211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Cell
|January 21, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

膠質細胞は,神経衝動伝達のための不可欠な絶縁物質であるミエリンを形成する. この研究は,ミエリン形成と再構成のメカニズムに関する新しい洞察を明らかにします.

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Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
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Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning
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Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
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Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning
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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • 軸索のためのグリア細胞由来の隔離物質であるミエリンが,神経衝動の急速な伝導に不可欠である.
  • ミエリン形成の複雑なプロセスとその後のグリアル細胞による改造は,まだ完全に理解されていません.
  • これらのメカニズムを理解することは,ミエリン損傷に関連する神経学的障害に対処するために不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 膠質細胞によるミエリン形成を制御する分子機構の解明.
  • ミエリンの改造に関与するダイナミックなプロセスを調査する.
  • ミエリン化細胞の振舞いに関する新しい洞察を提供するために.

主な方法:

  • ミエリンシートダイナミクスを視覚化するための高度なイメージング技術.
  • ミエリン関連の遺伝子機能を研究するために,膠質細胞の遺伝子操作.
  • ミエリンタンパク質の組成とターンオーバーを分析するための生化学分析.

主要な成果:

  • ミエリン包装を調節する重要なタンパク質と経路の特定.
  • 発達と可塑性におけるミエリン構造の動的変化の観察.
  • ミエリン維持および修復中の膠質細胞の相互作用の特徴.

結論:

  • この研究は,骨髄形成の細胞および分子基礎のより深い理解を提供します.
  • これらの発見は,膠質細胞がミエリン形成と再構成をどのように指揮するかに光を当てています.
  • この研究は,ミエリン関連疾患を標的とした治療戦略に新たな道を開く.