トラクエの分岐の栄養依存的調節による代謝のニューロン制御
Gerit A Linneweber1, Jake Jacobson1, Karl Emanuel Busch2
1Gut Signalling and Metabolism Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
Cell
|January 21, 2014
まとめ
栄養素はドロソフィラの気管系を調節し,血管の構造を変えることで代謝変化を起こします. この研究は,栄養,神経細胞活動,血管の発達を結びつける新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 生理学 生理学とは
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
背景:
- 適応性血管新生は,がんや肥満の治療に不可欠ですが,その調節因子は十分に理解されていません.
- 血管の改造は,通常,標的組織から派生した信号によって駆動されると考えられています.
- 代謝のニーズに対応する血管系の可塑性は,依然として活発な研究分野です.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラの気管系における新しい栄養に依存する可塑性を調査する.
- 栄養素が血管の発達に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
- 血管系の代謝適応を媒介する神経信号伝達の役割を特定する.
主な方法:
- 異なる栄養分レベルに対するドロソフィラの気管系の反応の特徴.
- トラクエの可塑性を調節する特定のニューロンの特定.
- 血管改造における神経ペプチドシグナル伝達 (インスリンおよびVIP型) の分析.
主要な成果:
- ドロソフィラの気管系は,特に腸内では,栄養に依存する可塑性を示しています.
- この血管の可塑性は,被動的にそれに反応するのではなく,代謝変化を積極的に駆動する.
- 栄養素と酸素に反応するニューロンは,局所および全身の神経ペプチドの配送を通じて気管の成長を制御する.
結論:
- 栄養素とニューロン活動によって調節される血管の可塑性の新しいメカニズムが説明されています.
- このメカニズムは,代謝の要求に応じた血管構造の臓器特異で長期的な変化を可能にします.
- 発見は,代謝,神経生物学,血管発達の相互作用に関する新しい洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:22Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration
2.9K
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
2.9K
01:23Physiological Control of Respiration
5.0K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
5.0K
01:19Regulation of Metabolism
9.1K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.1K
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
2.8K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
2.8K
01:18Neural Control of Respiration
5.4K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
5.4K
01:17Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
6.2K
The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
6.2K