新種の治療薬のFDA承認を支持する臨床試験の証拠,2005年−2012年
Nicholas S Downing1, Jenerius A Aminawung2, Nilay D Shah3
1Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
JAMA
|January 23, 2014
まとめ
新種の治療薬に対する米国食品医薬品局 (FDA) の承認を支持する臨床試験の証拠の強さは著しく異なります. この変動性は,新しい治療法に関する患者と医師の意思決定に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
- クリニック・トライアル 臨床試験
- 規制科学 規制科学とは
背景:
- 医師と患者は,新薬の安全性と有効性をよく理解しているとしばしば仮定します.
- 米国食品医薬品局 (FDA) の承認決定を裏付ける臨床試験の証拠の実際の強さは,体系的に評価されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 新種の治療薬のFDA承認に使用されるピボタル有効性試験の設計と特徴を特徴づけること.
- 最近の薬剤承認を支持する証拠の質を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2005年から2012年の間に承認された新型治療薬のFDAの公開文書の横断分析.
- 枢軸試験は,ランダム化,ブラインド化,比較試験,試験エンドポイント (代用薬,臨床結果,または臨床スケール) の設計特徴によって分類されました.
- また,患者数,試験期間,完了率などを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 448のピボタル試験は,188の新規薬剤の206の indikaをサポートしました.
- ほとんどの試験はランダム化され,ダブルブラインドされ,アクティブまたはプラセボの比較器を使用しました.
- 有効薬の有意な割合 (36.8%) は,単一の試験に基づいて承認されました.
- 徴候のほぼ半分 (45.3%) は,代理エンドポイントのみに依存し,33.3%は臨床的アウトカムを使用した.
- 治験の特徴は,治療領域,孤児状態,および加速承認指定によって異なります.
結論:
- 新種の治療薬に対するFDAの承認を支持する重要な臨床試験の証拠の質と設計は,かなりの変動を示しています.
- 証拠の強さのこの異質性は,患者と医師による臨床的意思決定に重大な影響を及ぼします.
- 証拠の質のさらなる評価は,新しい医薬品の情報に基づいた使用に不可欠です.
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