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関連する概念動画

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

8.4K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.9K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.8K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.8K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

1.4K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
1.4K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

1.8K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
1.8K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

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単機能的高分岐エチレンオリゴーマーである.

Thomas Wiedemann1, Gregor Voit, Alexandra Tchernook

  • 1Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , 78464 Konstanz, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 24, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

ニッケル触媒はエチレンをハイパーブランチオリゴーマーに変換する. 触媒置換剤は分岐と分子量を制御し,1つの触媒は広範な適用性を示しています. エステル,アルコール,エポキシドによる機能化は効率的でスケーラブルです.

科学分野:

  • 有機金属化学 有機金属化学
  • ポリマー化学のポリマー化学について
  • カタリシス カタリシス カタリシス

背景:

  • エチレンオリゴメリゼーションのための効率的な触媒の開発は,付加価値のある材料の生産に不可欠です.
  • ハイパーブランチドポリマーは,球状構造と高機能群密度によりユニークな性質を備えています.
  • ポリマーのアーキテクチャを制御し,選択的機能化を可能にすることは,ポリマーの合成における主要な課題です.

研究 の 目的:

  • エチレンオリゴメリゼーションの触媒として中性 κ(2) N,O-サリシラルジミナートNi(II) 複合体を合成し,評価する.
  • 枝分かれ密度および分子量を含む,超枝分かれオリゴメールの特性に対する触媒構造の影響を調査する.
  • 結果となるハイパーブランチ オリゴマーの選択的な単一機能化のためのスケーラブルな方法を開発する.

主な方法:

  • ニッケル (((II) サリシラルディミナート複合体の合成,リモートサプシテンツが異なる (R = Me, Et, iPr).
  • エチレンオリゴメリゼーション反応は,合成した触媒を用いて,異なる圧力と温度下で行われる.
  • 局所触媒システムの準備と評価.
  • オリゴメリゼーション後の機能化は,エトキシカルボニレーション,エチルアクリラートとの交叉メタテシス,次に水素化,そしてエポキシデーションによる.

さらに関連する動画

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

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Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria
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Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

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Utilizing the Ethylene-releasing Compound, 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid, as a Tool to Study Ethylene Response in Bacteria
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主要な成果:

  • すべての触媒は,高生産性で高分岐低分子量オリゴエチレン (Mn ≈ 1000 g mol−1) を生成しました.
  • 枝分かれ密度は減少し,分子の重量はより大きい置換物 (Me > Et > iPr) で増加しました.
  • 触媒1a-pyr (R=Me) は,幅広い反応条件において堅実な性能を示した.
  • インサイトシステムは,事前形成された触媒の活性と微細構造と一致しました.
  • エステル,アルコール,エポキシード機能群の選択的導入は,効率的かつスケーラブルに達成されました.

結論:

  • 中性サリシラルジミナートNi (II) 複合体は,高分岐オリゴエチレンの生成に有効な触媒である.
  • 触媒の設計は,ポリマーの構造と性質の調整を可能にします.
  • モノファンクショナライゼーションのスケーラブルで効率的な方法は,新しい機能的材料を作成するための道を開きます.