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関連する概念動画

Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

126
A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
126
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview

292
Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific...
292
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

18.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
18.0K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.4K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.4K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.5K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
47.5K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

21.6K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
21.6K

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

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モザイクの2つの長さスケールの準結晶.

T Dotera1, T Oshiro1, P Ziherl2

  • 1Department of Physics, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan.

Nature
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

軟質の物質システムは,一般的な組み立てメカニズムを通じて準結晶を形成することができます. この研究は,特定の粒子の相互作用と局所的な幾何学が,柔らかい材料における準結晶の秩序をどのように駆動し,新しいアプリケーションを可能にするかを明らかにしています.

さらに関連する動画

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid
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Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

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Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid
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Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

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科学分野:

  • ソフトマター物理学 ソフトマター物理学
  • 材料科学 材料科学とは
  • クリスタログラフィーです.

背景:

  • 準結晶の秩序は,ミセルやポリマー溶液のような多様な軟質系において観察されている.
  • 形成メカニズムは一般的なもので,特定の化学組成から独立していると考えられています.
  • ミセラ軟さは,準結晶の秩序を誘発するために提案された重要な要因です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 理論的にミセラ軟さと準結晶の秩序との関係を探求する.
  • 軟質物質の準結晶形成における局所包装幾何学の役割を調査する.
  • 自己組み立て型準結晶構造の潜在的応用を特定する.

主な方法:

  • ステップ型の正方形の肩の反発を持つ二次元ハードディスクの理論モデリング.
  • 柔らかいマクロ分子ミセルを模倣した粒子相互作用のシミュレーション.
  • 結合指向順序の分析と,その結果生じる幾何学的なモザイク.

主要な成果:

  • 10・12・18・24倍結合の指向順に準結晶相を特定した.
  • 核対核と肩対肩の配置から等辺と等足の三角形のモザイクの形成が観察されました.
  • 軟質物質の準結晶性を生成するために,局所包装の幾何学が不可欠であることを示した.

結論:

  • 柔らかさと局所的な包装の幾何学は,柔らかい物質の準結晶形成に不可欠である.
  • この発見は,硬体系における準結晶形成に関する既存の理論を補完するものである.
  • 準結晶モザイクには,画像再現や光子材料などの分野で潜在的な応用があります.