世界的な保全成果は,海洋保護区に依存しており,その主な特徴は5つです
Graham J Edgar1, Rick D Stuart-Smith1, Trevor J Willis2
1Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Nature
|February 7, 2014
まとめ
海洋保護区 (MPA) は,採取禁止と厳格な執行などの重要な特徴により,より大きな保全上の利点を示しています. 効果的なMPAは,漁獲地域と比較して,魚のバイオマスとサメの個体数を大幅に増加させます.
科学分野:
- マリン・コンセバション・マリン・コンセバション
- 漁業管理について 漁業管理
- 生物多様性の保護 生物多様性の保護
背景:
- 海洋保護区 (MPA) は,保全目標を達成するために,世界的に増加しています.
- しかし,その社会経済的利益と生態学的有効性は,しばしば議論され,予測が困難である.
- MPAは,違法な漁業,不適切な規制,不十分な大きさ,または生息地の接続性のために,不十分なパフォーマンスを発揮することがあります.
研究 の 目的:
- MPAの保全の利点を高める重要な特徴を調査する.
- 海洋保護区の生態学的状態を漁獲地域と比較して,漁業の影響を定量化します.
- 将来のMPAの設計と管理戦略を,最適な生物多様性保護のために情報提供するために.
主な方法:
- 世界中の87の海洋保護区の生態学的データの分析.
- 魚のバイオマス,種の豊かさ,サメのバイオマスを有効なMPAと漁獲された沿岸地域との比較.
- MPAの有効性に貢献する重要な特徴の特定:採取禁止,執行,年齢,サイズ,隔離.
主要な成果:
- MPAの保全の利点は,5つの主要な特徴 (採取なし,よく強制された,古い,大きな,孤立した) の蓄積によって指数関数的に増加します.
- 効果的なMPA (4-5の特徴) は,漁獲地域と比較して,魚の総バイオマス,大型魚の種豊かさ,大型魚のバイオマス,サメのバイオマスが著しく高かった.
- ほとんどのMPA (59%) は1~2の特徴しかなく,漁場と生態学的に区別されず,広範な不十分なパフォーマンスを示しています.
結論:
- MPAの有効性は,単なる面積の範囲を超えた設計上の特徴に強く依存しています.
- 保護目標を達成するには,MPAの堅牢な設計,効果的な管理,および遵守を優先する必要があります.
- 面積のみに基づいた現在のグローバルな目標は,海洋生物多様性を適切に保護できない可能性があります.
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