アマゾンの炭素バランスの干ばつ感受性は,大気測定によって明らかになりました
L V Gatti1, M Gloor2, J B Miller3
11] Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN)-Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN)-Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, 2242 Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil [2].
Nature
|February 7, 2014
まとめ
アマゾンの盆地では,2010年の干ばつでかなりの炭素が失われましたが,雨の年に炭素中和でした. 極端な降雨量の増加は,火災や干ばつによりアマゾンを炭素源に変える可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
背景:
- 土地の炭素貯蔵と気候フィードバックは,世界の気候予測に不確実性をもたらします.
- 大量の炭素貯蔵庫であるアマゾン流域は,気温上昇と極端な天候に直面しています.
- 熱帯の炭素予算とフィードバックメカニズムを理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- アマゾン盆地における季節的および年間炭素バランスを報告する.
- 気候異常に対する陸上の炭素予算の感受性を制御するメカニズムを特定する.
- 干ばつと雨季がアマゾンの炭素流動に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2010年 (乾燥年) と2011年 (湿り年) の二酸化炭素と一酸化炭素の測定値を使用した.
- 計算された盆地全体の炭素バランスと純バイオーム交換 (NBE).
- CO測定を用いた火災による炭素損失の推定を組み込んだ.
主要な成果:
- アマゾンの盆地では,乾燥した年に0.48 ± 0.18 Pg C yr ((-1) を失い,湿った年にほぼ炭素中性であった (0.06 ± 0.1 Pg C yr ((-1)).
- 乾燥期には植生は炭素中立であったが,雨期には炭素吸収場 (0.25 ± 0.14 Pg C yr(-1)) であった.
- 干ばつが光合成を抑制し,2010年に炭素吸収を中和させました.
結論:
- 湿度の利用性は,アマゾンの炭素バランスに大きく影響を与えます.
- 絶え間ない極端な降雨は,アマゾンを炭素吸収池から炭素排出源に変えかねない.
- このシフトは,火災による排出量の増加と干ばつによる純バイオーム交換の抑制の結果となるだろう.
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