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関連する概念動画

Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

6.3K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
6.3K
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

128.6K
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
128.6K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

5.6K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
5.6K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.0K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.0K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

22.5K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
22.5K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.1K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.1K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 3, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

14.9K

染色体間通信コーディネートは,アレル間の固有のストキャスティック表現である.

Robert J Johnston1, Claude Desplan

  • 1Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 8, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

個々の遺伝子コピーはランダムに選択しますが,協調した発現を確保するために通信します. このストカスティック遺伝子の調節により,ドロソフィラの目におけるニューロンのサブタイプが多様化します.

科学分野:

  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • ニューロンのサブタイプの多様化は,感覚システムの機能にとって極めて重要です.
  • ストカスティック遺伝子発現は,細胞の多様性を生み出す上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • ドロソフィラR7の光受容体にあるSpineless (Ss) 遺伝子は,ストキャスティックサブタイプ決定の例です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ストキャスティック無脊椎 (Ss) 遺伝子発現の基礎にある分子メカニズムを解明する.
  • 個々の遺伝子アレルの独立したストキャスティックな決定をどのようにするかを調査する.
  • 協調表現のための Ss アレル間のコミュニケーションを理解する.

主な方法:

  • Ss発現を制御する長距離の規制要素 (増幅器と静音器) の分析.
  • アップレギュレーション・メカニズムとダウンレギュレーション・メカニズムによるアラレル間クロストークの調査.
  • Ss 調節における染色体位置とペアリングの独立性の評価.

主要な成果:

  • 各ssアレルのストキャスティック発現は,単一の強化剤と2つのサイレンサーによって制御され,長距離に作用します.
  • インターアレルクロストークは,2つのssアレル間の発現頻度の平均です.

さらに関連する動画

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

17.8K
Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

13.7K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
14:49

Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions

Published on: April 23, 2011

14.9K
Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

17.8K
Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization

Published on: December 10, 2012

13.7K
  • 長距離調節は,特定の染色体位置またはペアリングとは無関係に発生します.

    • 結論:

    • 個々のssアレルは,独立した,ストキャスティックなオン/オフ決定を行います.
    • 染色体間通信は,アレル間の発現状態を調整する.
    • この協調ストカスティック式は,R7光受容体のランダムなサブセット内の均一なサブタイプ選択を保証します.