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関連する概念動画

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing...
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The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

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Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

16.9K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

2.7K
An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
2.7K
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

1.1K
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
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関連する実験動画

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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量子化された超流体"原子電子"回路におけるヒステリシス.

Stephen Eckel1, Jeffrey G Lee1, Fred Jendrzejewski1

  • 1Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.

Nature
|February 14, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,超流動性ボゼ・アインシュタイン凝縮体におけるヒステリーシスを初めて観測し,これは原子電子装置にとって極めて重要な現象である. この発見は理論と実験の間のギャップを埋めて,新しい量子技術の道を開く.

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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

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科学分野:

  • アトモートロニックス (Atomtronics) は,
  • 量子物理学とは,量子物理学のことです.
  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学

背景:

  • Atomtronicsは,電子機器に類似した回路で超冷たい原子を使用する新興分野です.
  • ヒステレシスは電子学と超伝導性において根本的であるが,超流体ボゼ・アインシュタイン凝縮体では観測されていなかった.
  • 超流体におけるヒステレシスの以前の観測は,定量化フローが欠けていたか,間接的であった.

研究 の 目的:

  • 超流動性ボゼ・アインシュタイン凝縮体におけるヒステレシスを直接検出し,特徴づけること.
  • 超流体ヒステレスにおける刺激と分散の役割を調査する.
  • 原子電子装置における制御されたヒステリーシスの可能性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 超流体ボゼ・アインシュタイン凝縮環を備えた原子電子回路の製造.
  • 超流体の流れを阻害するために,回転する弱いリンクを導入する.
  • 量子化された循環状態間のヒステレシスの直接検出.

主要な成果:

  • 超流体ボゼ・アインシュタイン凝縮体における量子化された循環状態の間のヒステリシスの直接観測.
  • 調節可能なヒステレスループのサイズの実証.
  • 主要な刺激として渦を特定し,分散の役割を確認した.

結論:

  • ヒステリーシスは,超流動性ボゼ・アインシュタイン凝縮体において実験的に確認されています.
  • 原子電子回路における制御されたヒステリーシスは,新しい量子装置を可能にすることができる.
  • この研究は,超流体動力学と原子電子学の理解における重要なギャップを埋めています.