侵略者間の化学戦争:排毒相互作用が,アリの侵略を容易にする
Edward G Lebrun1, Nathan T Jones, Lawrence E Gilbert
1Brackenridge Field Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2907 Lake Austin Boulevard, Austin, TX 78703, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 15, 2014
まとめ
タウニークレイジーアリ (Nylanderia fulva) は,侵略的な火アリ (Solenopsis invicta) に遭遇した後に,解毒剤であるアリ酸を分泌する. この毒に対する耐性は,火のアリを追い出し,地元の生態系を変えることを可能にします.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- エントモロジー エントモロジー学
- 化学エコロジー 化学エコロジー
背景:
- 侵襲的なタウニー・クレイジー・アント (Nylanderia fulva) は,アメリカ南部で先住民族と侵襲的なアリ種を追い払っています.
- 輸入火 (Solenopsis invicta) は支配的な競争相手であり,しばしばN. fulva.によって置き換えられる.
研究 の 目的:
- ニランデリア・フルバがソレノプシス・インヴィクタの毒に抵抗するメカニズムを調査する.
- N. fulvaの毒解毒行動の生態学的意義を決定するために.
主な方法:
- N. fulvaがS. invictaの毒に曝される.
- N. fulvaの腹部外分泌腺の分泌物の分析. N. fulvaの腹部外分泌腺の分泌物の分析. N. fulvaの腹部外分泌腺の分泌物の分析.
- バイオアッセイは,分泌物の排毒特性をテストし,活性剤を特定するために行われます.
主要な成果:
- N. fulvaは,S. invictaの毒にさらされた後,腹部分泌物を皮質に塗布する.
- これらの分泌物は,S. invictaの毒を中和する.
- N. fulvaの毒に含まれる甲虫酸は,主要な解毒剤として特定されています.
- この解毒は,S. invicta.との相互作用後に最も強烈です.
結論:
- Nylanderia fulvaは,ソレノプシス・インヴィクタの毒に対する化学的防御機構を有しており,主にアリ酸を使用しています.
- この毒を排毒する能力は,N. fulvaの侵略的な成功とS. invicta.の移転の重要な要因です.
- この行動は,彼らの生息地で進化した可能性があり,節足類のコミュニティの重要な生態学的変化に寄与しています.
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