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関連する概念動画

ATP and Energy Production01:23

ATP and Energy Production

1.5K
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a critical molecule that functions as the main energy carrier in cells. Structurally, ATP consists of an adenosine molecule—comprising adenine and ribose—bonded to three phosphate groups. The high-energy bonds between these phosphate groups store significant amounts of potential energy. This energy is released during hydrolysis, wherein ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP), driving a variety of essential...
1.5K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

16.5K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
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ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

14.9K
ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
14.9K
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

6.8K
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
6.8K
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

1.9K
Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
1.9K
ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

13.8K
ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
13.8K

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A Time-Efficient Fluorescence Spectroscopy-Based Assay for Evaluating Actin Polymerization Status in Rodent and Human Brain Tissues
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A Time-Efficient Fluorescence Spectroscopy-Based Assay for Evaluating Actin Polymerization Status in Rodent and Human Brain Tissues

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アクティビティ駆動の局所ATP合成は,シナプス機能に必要なものです.

Vidhya Rangaraju1, Nathaniel Calloway2, Timothy A Ryan2

  • 1Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering/Weill Cornell Tri-Institutional Training Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell
|February 18, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

脳シナプスにはかなりのエネルギーが必要で,これは糖分解やミトコンドリア機能などの代謝プロセスによって供給される. アクティビティ刺激によるATP合成の短期的な障害でさえ,重要なシナプス機能を損なう.

さらに関連する動画

Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK
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Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK

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Preparation of Synaptoneurosomes from Mouse Cortex using a Discontinuous Percoll-Sucrose Density Gradient
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Published on: September 17, 2011

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Time-Efficient Fluorescence Spectroscopy-Based Assay for Evaluating Actin Polymerization Status in Rodent and Human Brain Tissues
06:54

A Time-Efficient Fluorescence Spectroscopy-Based Assay for Evaluating Actin Polymerization Status in Rodent and Human Brain Tissues

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Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK
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Imaging of Intracellular ATP in Organotypic Tissue Slices of the Mouse Brain using the FRET-based Sensor ATeam1.03YEMK

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Preparation of Synaptoneurosomes from Mouse Cortex using a Discontinuous Percoll-Sucrose Density Gradient
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科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 細胞の代謝は細胞の代謝である.
  • シナプス生理学 シナプス生理学

背景:

  • 認知機能は代謝状態と関連しているが,シナプスの正確な制御メカニズムは不明である.
  • シナプスには高いエネルギー需要がありますが,燃料の利用可能性と活動がATPレベルとシナプス機能にどのように影響するかについては,まだよくわかっていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • シナプス活性,ATPレベル,およびシナプス機能の間の関係を調査する.
  • シナプスエネルギー需要をサポートする代謝源を特定する.
  • ATPの利用性がプレシナプス機能をどのように制御するかを理解する.

主な方法:

  • 前シナプスATP (Syn-ATP) のための遺伝的にコードされた光学レポーターの開発.
  • シナプスの電気活動中のATPダイナミクスの定量分析.
  • 代謝需要を満たすためのグリコロシスとミトコンドリア機能の役割の調査.

主要な成果:

  • 電気的活動は,シナプスにおける重要な代謝需要を駆動し,グリコロシスとミトコンドリア機能によってサポートされます.
  • シナプスの循環は,活動に依存した代謝需要の主な原動力である.
  • 代謝的に健全なシナプスは,活動中に大きなATP貯蔵庫 (端末あたり約10^6ATP) を維持する.
  • 活動刺激によるATP合成の中断は,短期間であっても,プレシナプス機能をひどく損なう.

結論:

  • シナプスATPレベルは,グリコリシスとミトコンドリアを含む活動誘導合成によって厳しく調節されます.
  • シナプスの循環は,シナプスにおける主要なエネルギー消費者である.
  • 十分なATP供給は,大きな基礎ATPプールにもかかわらず,プレシナプス機能を維持するために重要です.