葉の形状の進化は,複製,規制の多様化,ホメオボックス遺伝子の喪失を通して起こります
Daniela Vlad1, Daniel Kierzkowski, Madlen I Rast
1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
まとめ
REDUCED COMPLEXITY (RCO) タンパク質は,Cardamine hirsuta.のような植物における葉の解剖を制御しています. アラビドプシス・サリアナにおけるその進化と喪失は,葉の複雑性の違いを説明し,遺伝子の複製を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 植物形態学 植物形態学
- 発達遺伝学 発達遺伝学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- アラビドプシス・タリアナはシンプルな葉を持ち,その親戚であるカルダミン・ヒルシュタは複雑な葉を持ち,その葉に小葉が付いている.
- 葉の形態学的多様性の遺伝的基礎を理解することは,植物科学において極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- アラビドプシス・サリアナと比較して,カルダミンヒルシュタの葉解剖の基礎となる遺伝的メカニズムを調査する.
- リーフレット開発を制御する重要な遺伝子と規制経路を特定する.
主な方法:
- 比較遺伝学 比較遺伝学について
- 異種間遺伝子転送
- タイムラップス画像処理
- 遺伝子発現の分子分析
主要な成果:
- REDUCED COMPLEXITY (RCO) ホメオドメインのタンパク質は,C. hirsuta.のパンフレット開発に不可欠である.
- RCOは葉の成長を抑制し,葉片を彫刻することで葉の発達に作用します.
- RCOは,Brassicaceaeの遺伝子複製によって進化し,A. thalianaでは失われ,葉の簡素化につながった.
結論:
- RCOの遺伝子複製,損失,および規制的進化は,葉の形状の多様性を生み出した.
- RCOの種特有の発現パターンは,小冊子形成における独特の役割を裏付けている.
- オーガノゲネシス中の局所的な成長パターンの修正は,植物形態学の進化の鍵である.
関連する概念動画
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.8K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.8K
Gene Families
8.0K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
8.0K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
9.5K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.5K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
3.1K
3.1K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
20.2K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
20.2K
Morphogenesis
19.9K
Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
19.9K


