ワクチンの使用は,病気の負荷を定義するプローブとして使用されます
Daniel R Feikin1, J Anthony G Scott2, Bradford D Gessner3
1International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 21, 2014
まとめ
ワクチンの探査試験は,ワクチン接種と未接種のグループを比較することによって,病気の負担を明らかにします. このアプローチは,予防可能な病気を定量化することによって,より低い有効性を持つワクチンであっても,ワクチンの公衆衛生上の価値を強調します.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 伝統的なワクチンの研究は,有効性や有効性に焦点を当てています.
- ワクチンの探査試験は,疾患の特徴づけに補完的なアプローチを提供します.
- 病気の負担を理解することは,公衆衛生の介入にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 病気の特徴づけにおけるワクチン探査試験の有用性を探求する.
- ワクチンプローブ研究が公衆衛生政策にどのように情報を提供できるかを実証する.
- ワクチンプローブ方法論のより広範な適用の可能性を強調する.
主な方法:
- ワクチン接種と未接種の集団における疾患発生率を比較する.
- 疾病負荷の差異をワクチン特有の病原体に起因させる.
- 公衆衛生のイニシアチブを正当化するために,ワクチンで予防可能な病気の負担を分析する.
主要な成果:
- ワクチンプローブ研究は,ワクチンによる公衆衛生への影響を定量化することができます.
- 低効率のワクチンでさえ,発生率が高い環境で大きな影響を及ぼすことが示されます.
- 既存の研究では,Haemophilus influenzae b型,pneumococcus,ロタウイルス,幼児インフルエンザの特徴が示されています.
結論:
- ワクチンの探査試験は,疾患の特徴と公衆衛生の評価のための貴重なツールです.
- この方法論は,中程度のワクチンの有効性であっても,ワクチン導入を正当化することができます.
- 疫学における広範な使用は,マラリア,チフス,デング熱などの病気の負担を定義することができます.
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