寄生虫と獲物の間の致命的な相互作用は,熱帯地域のニッチの多様性を高めます
Marty A Condon1, Sonja J Scheffer, Matthew L Lewis
1Department of Biology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA 52314, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 15, 2014
まとめ
ネオトロピカル・フライとその寄生虫であるホースは,極端な専門性を示しています. 宿主植物における明らかなニッチの重複にもかかわらず,分子データは宿主-寄生虫の相互作用を通じて隠されたニッチの分割を明らかにする.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- エントモロジー エントモロジー学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 草食動物や自然敵である昆虫は,しばしば生態学的専門性を発揮します.
- ネオトロピカル・フライ (Blepharoneura) とその寄生虫ワスプ (parasitoids) は,宿主植物における目に見えるニッチの重複とともに,極端な専門性のパラドックスを示している.
研究 の 目的:
- ペルーのBlepharoneuraハエとその寄生虫の宿主植物関連とニッチ分割戦略を調査する.
- 分子データを活用して複雑な相互作用を明らかにし,これまで認識されていない寄生虫と宿主との関連を特定する.
主な方法:
- ペルーの2種の植物の花を集めました.
- フライや寄生虫の種とその関連性を特定するために分子データの分析.
- 寄生虫の成功率を決定するために,フライ・プーパと成虫の出現の検査.
主要な成果:
- ブレファロネウラ (Blepharoneura) の14種のハエと18種の寄生虫 (Bellopius) の14種 (14種) を代表する1478のハエパパが3636の花から確認された.
- 同じ宿主植物種の同じ性別の花に特化した複数のシンパトリック寄生虫種は,極端なニッチの重なりを示しています.
- ほとんどのベロピウス種は,たった一つのハエの種から生まれたが,幼虫の分析では,ハエの種をさらに攻撃していたことが判明し,差異的な出現の成功によってニッチの分割が示された.
結論:
- この研究は,宿主植物が重複しているように見えるにもかかわらず,寄生虫黄蜂の複雑なニッチ分割を明らかにしています.
- 寄生虫における差異的出現の成功は,ニッチ分割の重要なメカニズムであり,直接の競争を最小限に抑えます.
- 分子技術は,種に富んだ環境における複雑な生態学的相互作用を明らかにするために極めて重要です.
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