寄生主義から相互主義へ: キュキュと宿主との間の予期せぬ相互作用
Daniela Canestrari1, Diana Bolopo, Ted C J Turlings
1Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 22, 2014
まとめ
カーリオン・クロウは,時として,カカカオの寄生虫から恩恵を受けます. カクヨウの雛は捕食者を抑えるが,カラスの幼虫の成功を減らし,捕食者の圧力によって影響されるダイナミックな関係を創造する.
科学分野:
- 行動生態学 行動生態学
- 鳥類学 鳥類学とは,鳥類学である.
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- 鳥類の繁殖寄生病は,宿主が無縁の雛を飼育し,しばしば繁殖喪失につながる.
- カーリオンカラス (Corvus corone corone) は,大きな斑点のカック (Clamator glandarius) の宿主である.
研究 の 目的:
- 大斑点クッキョクグマの繁殖寄生性の死鳥の繁殖成功に対する純効果を調査する.
- 捕食圧力がカクヨウとカラスとの寄生関係にどのように影響するのかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 寄生虫と寄生虫のない死骸のカラスの巣のフィールド観察.
- 巣の捕食率と幼鳥の成功率を監視する.
- 巣の防御と宿主子育ての生存に対するカクヨウの子育ての影響を評価する.
主要な成果:
- 寄生虫に感染した巣は,餌食による失敗が減り,これはカクヨウの雛の排泄剤分泌に起因している.
- 寄生虫の巣が成功すると,寄生虫のない巣と比較して,カラスの雛が少なくなった.
- 捕食者の回避と宿主幼虫の減少の間のバランスは,捕食者の圧力によって季節的に変化しました.
結論:
- 腐肉のカラスに寄生するグランド・スポッテッド・クーク (Great spotted cuckoo) の寄生は,環境条件,特に捕食の強さに応じて,相互に有益または有害である可能性があります.
- この関係は,寄生主義と相互主義の間に変動し,繁殖寄生虫と宿主との複雑な共同進化のダイナミクスを強調しています.
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