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毛細血管のペリサイトは,健康と病気において脳血流を調節する
Catherine N Hall1, Clare Reynell1, Bodil Gesslein2
1Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Nature
|March 28, 2014
まとめ
脳内皮質は毛細血管の膨張を活発に調節し,脳の血流と機能的イメージング信号を制御します. 循環器の収縮を防ぐことは,脳卒中後のニューロンを保護する可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 脳血管生物学 脳血管生物学
- 生理学 生理学とは
背景:
- 神経細胞の活動により,脳の血流が増加し,機能的な脳画像の基礎となる.
- この血流の正確な調節者,特に毛細血管または動脈小管が主であるかどうかについては,議論が続いている.
研究 の 目的:
- 脳血流の調節における毛細血管の循環細胞の役割と,機能的イメージング信号へのそれらの貢献を調査する.
- ペリサイト媒介による血管拡張と収縮の分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 感覚インプット中の血流の動態を観察するために,in vivo研究で使用されています.
- 神経伝達物質の刺激 (グルタミン酸) を使って,細胞周回体の反応を調査した.
- プロスタグランジンE2と酸化窒素がペリサイトシグナル伝達における役割を調査した.
- 血液不全の条件下でペリサイトの行動と生存能力を調べました.
主要な成果:
- ニューロンの活動とグルタミン酸はメッセンジャーの放出を誘発し,ペリサイトのリラックスと毛細血管の膨張を引き起こします.
- プロスタグランジンE2は膨張を介し,酸化窒素は血管収縮を抑制する20-HETE.
- In vivoでは,毛細血管は動脈小胞の前に膨張し,流量増加の84%を占めています.
- イシュミアはペリサイト収縮を誘発し,ペリサイト死亡と不可逆的な毛細血管損傷につながる可能性があります.
結論:
- ペリサイトは,脳の血流の重要な調節体であり,機能的イメージングにおけるBOLD信号です.
- 細胞の収縮とイシェミア中の死亡は,神経損傷と血脳障壁の破壊に寄与する.
- 循環器の収縮を標的とした治療は,脳卒中の回復に治療的利点をもたらす可能性があります.
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