老化とアルツハイマー病におけるRESTとストレス抵抗性
Tao Lu1, Liviu Aron1, Joseph Zullo1
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|March 28, 2014
まとめ
レプレッサー要素1-静止転写因子 (REST) は,老化中のニューロンの機能を保ち,ニューロンの退化を防止するために不可欠です. RESTの喪失は,認知機能の低下とアルツハイマー病に関連しており,その神経保護的役割を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 老化に関する研究
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 老化中にニューロンの機能を保ち,神経変性障害を防ぐメカニズムは,依然としてほとんど不明です.
- 抑制要素"静止転写因子" (REST) は,神経細胞の発達と機能に作用する.
研究 の 目的:
- RESTが正常な人間の脳老化における役割と,神経変性疾患との関連を調査する.
- RESTがニューロンの生存に影響を与え,年齢関連の機能障害から保護する分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 認知障害のある高齢者および患者のヒトニューロンにおけるREST発現の分析.
- 深層配列化 (ChIP-seq) によるクロマチンの免疫プレシピテーションで,REST調節遺伝子を特定する.
- マウスモデルとC. elegansでの研究で,REST 削除またはそのオートログの機能的影響を評価する.
主要な成果:
- RESTは,正常な老化中のヒトの神経細胞で普遍的に誘発されるが,軽度の認知障害やアルツハイマー病では失われる.
- RESTは,ストレス反応遺伝子を誘発しながら,細胞死とアルツハイマー病の病理性を促進する遺伝子を抑制します.
- RESTは,神経細胞を酸化ストレスとアミロイドベータ毒性から保護し,その欠損は年齢に関連する神経変性を引き起こす.
結論:
- RESTの活性化は,老化中の神経保護と認知の保存のための重要なメカニズムです.
- REST機能の喪失は,老化とアルツハイマー病における神経退化に寄与する.
- RESTレベルは認知機能と長寿と相関しており,治療目標としての潜在力を示唆しています.
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