海洋の黄昏地帯における炭素予算の調整
Sarah L C Giering1, Richard Sanders2, Richard S Lampitt2
11] National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK [2] Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK [3] Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Newburgh AB41 6AA, UK.
Nature
|March 28, 2014
まとめ
海洋の光合成は深海に炭素を排出しますが,その運命は不明です. 動物プランクトンの助けを借りた微生物は,黄昏地帯で沈む有機炭素をリミネラル化する鍵です.
科学分野:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
背景:
- 表面の海洋の光合成は,かなりの量の有機炭素を生成し,その一部は深海に輸出されます.
- 沈む炭素の再鉱化率は,海洋の炭素貯蔵を制御するが,炭素予算は不均衡のままである.
- 深海生物の炭素供給と需要のバランスを理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋の黄昏地帯の炭素源と沈み方を定量化するために.
- 炭素再鉱化におけるさまざまな生物の役割を決定する.
- 海洋の炭素貯蔵を制御するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 炭素輸出と再鉱化率のフィールド測定.
- ヘテロトロフな生物による呼吸速度の推定.
- 炭素予算のバランスをとるための安定状態モデルの適用.
主要な成果:
- 炭素源と吸収槽は,Porcupine Abyssal Plainでの観測の不確実性の中でバランスをとりました.
- プロカリオットは,夕暮れ帯 (50〜1,000m) の再鉱化量の70〜92%を占めていた.
- ゾオプランクトンは沈む粒子を断片化し,より多くの有機物質を放出し,微生物のループに燃料を与えます.
結論:
- 深海の微生物ループは,微生物と動物プランクトンの相互作用によって著しく刺激されます.
- この相乗効果は,炭素吸収体としての海洋の能力を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- 精密な炭素予算作成には,微生物と動物プランクトンの組み合わせた活動を粒子処理で考慮する必要があります.
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