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関連する概念動画

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

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Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
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Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter...
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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
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BRCA1をクローンする"レース"

Mary-Claire King1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 29, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

1990年にBRCA1遺伝子の発見は,乳がん研究に革命をもたらしました. その後の1994年のクローニングは,予防と治療戦略の進歩に道を開きました.

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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
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gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
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科学分野:

  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • 1990年にヒト乳がん1 (BRCA1) 遺伝子の存在が確認され,乳がんの若発症に対する感受性を染色体17q21に局所化した.
  • この発見は,遺伝子をクローンし,配列を決定する高レベルの科学的な競争の始まりとなった.

研究 の 目的:

  • BRCA1遺伝子のポジショナルのクローニングの20周年を記念して.
  • BRCA1遺伝子を特定するための競争的な"レース"について考える.
  • BRCA1の発見が乳がんに及ぼす長期的な影響について議論する.

主な方法:

  • BRCA1遺伝子のポジショナルのクローニング.
  • 遺伝子の発見をめぐる歴史的出来事のレビュー.
  • 乳がんの予防と治療への影響の分析.

主要な成果:

  • BRCA1遺伝子は1994年9月に位置的にクローンされた.
  • この発見は,がんの傾向を染色体17q21.1にマッピングすることで先行されました.
  • 乳がんの研究と臨床実務における重要な進歩が続いた.

結論:

  • BRCA1を発見するための"競争"は,科学的進歩を加速させた.
  • BRCA1の識別は,遺伝性乳がんの理解を大きく変えました.
  • BRCA1に関する継続的な研究は,患者の治療結果を改善するために不可欠です.