"あるか,いないか" 選択的オートファジーと細胞死が細胞の運命をどのように支配するか
Douglas R Green1, Beth Levine2
1Department of Immunology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38205, USA.
Cell
|April 1, 2014
まとめ
生物は,健康のために,損傷した細胞や臓器をクリアする必要があります. 選択的オートファジーと細胞死経路は,がんや老化などの病気を予防して,このプロセスに不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 生理学 生理学とは
背景:
- メタゾウの健康は,細胞および臓器損傷の効率的な修復または除去に依存しています.
- 機能不全の除去プロセスは,がんや老化を含む様々な病気と関連しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 損傷した臓器細胞と細胞がどのように除去されるかを理解する進捗状況をレビューする.
- これらのプロセスにおける選択的オートファジーと細胞死機構の役割について議論する.
- 死亡する細胞のクリアランスと宿主の生理学に対するオートファギーの影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- セレクティブ・オートファジーと細胞死に関する最近の科学文献のレビュー.
- 損傷反応に関与する遺伝経路の分析.
- クリアランスメカニズムの障害による生理学的結果についての議論.
主要な成果:
- セレクティブ・オートファジーと細胞死経路は,細胞損傷をクリアするための異なる,しかし遺伝的に関連したメカニズムです.
- オートファギーは死滅する細胞の除去に重要な役割を果たし,宿主の生理学に影響を与えます.
- これらのクリアランス経路の障害は,発達異常,がん,老化,炎症を引き起こす.
結論:
- 選択的オートファギーと細胞死による細胞および臓器損傷の効果的な管理は,メタゾアンの健康にとって不可欠です.
- これらの経路の不適切な機能は,疾患の病原性に対して広範な影響を及ぼします.
- これらのメカニズムに関するさらなる研究は,関連疾患の理解と治療に不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
01:18Autophagic Cell Death
3.3K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
3.3K
01:22Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy
99
Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
99
01:30Overview of Cell Death
7.7K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
7.7K
01:27Autophagy
5.0K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
5.0K
01:36Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome
7.6K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
7.6K
01:17Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
3.9K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
3.9K