哺乳類の生理学と疾患におけるウイルス群

Herbert W Virgin¹

¹Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Cell

|April 1, 2014

まとめ

哺乳類のウイルス群は,細胞や他の生物を感染させるウイルスで構成され,私たちの遺伝子組成の一部です. この複雑なウイルス群を理解することは,健康と疾患の研究にとって極めて重要です.

科学分野:

ウイルス学ウイルス学ウイルス学
ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
哺乳類生物学哺乳類生物学について

背景:

地球のウィロームは,豊富な,急速に変異する遺伝的要素で構成されています.
哺乳類のウイルス群には,宿主細胞に感染するウイルス,内生的なウイルス要素,および居住微生物のウイルスが含まれています.
ウイルスを病原体としてのみ単純化する見方は,ウイルス群と宿主群の相互作用を説明するのに不十分です.

研究の目的:

病原性の役割を超えた哺乳類ウイルス群の理解を再定義する.
哺乳類の遺伝的および転写的アイデンティティを定義する際に共同進化したウイルスの重要性を強調する.
ウイルス群が健康や病気に及ぼす影響を調査する.

主な方法:

現在のウイルス学およびゲノム学文献のレビュー.
哺乳類のウイルス体内の組成と相互作用の分析.
ウイルス-宿主共進化の概念的合成.

主要な成果:

哺乳類のウイルス群は,多様なウイルス成分を持つ複雑な実体である.
ウイルス-宿主相互作用は,長期の共同進化によって形成されます.
ウイルス群は,宿主の遺伝的および転写的景観に大きく貢献します.

結論:

哺乳類のウイルス群は宿主生物学の基本的な構成要素であり,単なる病原菌の集合体ではありません.
哺乳類とそのウイルス群の共同進化のダイナミクスは,宿主のアイデンティティの鍵です.
ウイルス群の包括的な理解は,ヒトの健康と病気の研究を前進させるために不可欠です.

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