乳がんスクリーニングの決定を導くために,メリットとリスクの体系的な評価
Lydia E Pace1, Nancy L Keating2
1Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|April 3, 2014
まとめ
マンモグラフィーのスクリーニングは乳がんによる死亡率を減少させますが,偽陽性と過剰診断などのリスクがあります. リスクと患者の好みに基づいてスクリーニングの決定を個人化することで,利益が最大化されます.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 放射線学 放射線学
- 予防医学は,予防的な医療です.
背景:
- 乳がんは,米国の女性の主要な死因です.
- マンモグラフィーのスクリーニングは,死亡率の利点だけでなく,潜在的な害も提供します.
- 個別のスクリーニングの決定は,特に若い女性の場合は推奨されます.
研究 の 目的:
- マンモグラフィスクリーニングの死亡率の利益に関する証拠をレビューする.
- マンモグラフィーのスクリーニングに関連する害を要約します.
- マンモグラフィーのスクリーニングの決定を個人化するための戦略を探求します.
主な方法:
- MEDLINE (1960-2014) で,利益,害,意思決定のための証拠を検索しました.
- 主要な記事,メタ分析,実践勧告をレビューした.
- アメリカ心臓協会のガイドラインを用いて証拠レベルを評価した.
主要な成果:
- マンモグラフィーのスクリーニングは,乳がんの死亡率を全体で19%減少させます.
- 10年間にわたる偽陽性の累積リスクは,40~50歳の女性では約61%です.
- 過度の診断は,スクリーニングされたがんの19%に影響を与える可能性があります; 純利益は個々のリスクに依存します.
結論:
- 患者のリスクプロファイルと好みに基づいて,マンモグラフィのスクリーニングを個人化します.
- リスクモデルと意思決定補助器具は,情報に基づいた選択を促すのに役立ちます.
- スクリーニングツールを最適化し,過剰診断を定量化するためにさらなる研究が必要です.
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