カエノラブディティス・エレガンスの経路は,ミトコンドリアを監視し,防衛する経路です
Ying Liu1, Buck S Samuel2, Peter C Breen2
11] Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Nature
|April 4, 2014
まとめ
ミトコンドリア機能障害は,C. elegans. の修復と防御の経路を誘発する. この研究は,セラミド生物合成の基因を含む重要な基因を特定し,この監視に不可欠であり,細胞防衛機構の洞察を明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- ミトコンドリア機能障害は,代謝副産物と病原体の攻撃から生じる.
- Caenorhabditis elegansは,典型的には,ミトコンドリアの問題に対する反応として,修復と防衛経路を活性化します.
研究 の 目的:
- ミトコンドリア機能不全後の解毒,病原体反応,ミトコンドリア修復経路を向上させるのに不可欠な遺伝子を特定する.
- ミトコンドリア監視におけるセラミド生物合成とメバロナート経路の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- C. elegans.における全ゲノムRNA干渉 (RNAi) スクリーン
- ミトコンドリア機能の遺伝的障害と薬物誘発の阻害.
- セラミド生物合成とメバロナート経路阻害の分析.
主要な成果:
- 45のC. elegans遺伝子を特定し,防御と修復経路の活性化に不可欠である.
- セラミド生物合成の欠陥はミトコンドリアの監視を損なう; 外因的なセラミドは機能を回復することができます.
- メバロナート経路の阻害はミトコンドリアの監視を妨げます.
- 特定のバクテリアは,ミトコンドリアの毒素に対するC. elegansの防御反応を抑制することができます.
結論:
- セラミドは,ミトコンドリアの監視に重要な役割を果たし,重要な遺伝子は,その生産の前流に作用します.
- ミトコンドリアの監視は,メバロナート経路の状態に敏感です.
- 細菌は,ミトコンドリアの毒素に対する宿主の防御に対抗するメカニズムを進化させた.
関連する概念動画
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria
8.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
8.8K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
11.9K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
11.9K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting
4.4K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death. Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
4.4K
Mitochondria
13.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.4K
Eukaryotic Compartmentalization
13.9K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal...
For example, lysosomes in the animal...
13.9K
Mitochondrial Membranes
11.7K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.7K


