議論のために:公衆衛生の改善における新しい波
Sally C Davies1, Eleanor Winpenny2, Sarah Ball2
1Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 8, 2014
まとめ
人口の健康を改善するには,環境と政策によって支えられる健康的な行動への社会的シフトが必要です. これは,健康の価値を最大化し,健康的なデフォルトを促進し,慢性疾患の負担と健康格差に対処するために不健康な影響を最小限に抑えることを意味します.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 健康促進 健康促進について
- 健康の社会学 健康の社会学
背景:
- 慢性疾患の負担の増加は,世界的に公衆衛生システムに挑戦しています.
- 持続的な健康格差は,恵まれない集団に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼし,多発症率を高めます.
- 人口の健康を改善するための既存のアプローチは,継続的な課題に対処するために再評価を必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- 公共衛生の改善の新しい波のための革新的な戦略を探求する.
- 人口の健康を改善する上で,健康を促進する社会的文脈の役割を検討する.
- 健康的な行動を支える文化を育むための重要なメカニズムを特定する.
主な方法:
- 公衆衛生改善戦略の概念分析と合成.
- 社会的な文脈と人口の健康に関する結果の関係に関する検討.
- 健康促進のための3つのコアメカニズムの特定と策定.
主要な成果:
- 人口の健康の改善は,健康的な行動を正常化する社会的文脈に依存しています.
- 健康的なマインドセットをサポートする環境 (制度的,社会的,物理的) が不可欠です.
- 3つの主要なメカニズムが提案されました:健康価値とインセンティブを最大化し,健康的なデフォルトを促進し,不健康な影響を最小限に抑えることです.
結論:
- 人口の健康を大幅に改善するには,多様なステークホルダーによる全体的な共同努力が必要である.
- 社会的規範と環境の転換は,慢性疾患と健康格差との効果的な闘いに不可欠です.
- 健康的な選択を奨励し,不健康な要因への曝露を減らす戦略の実施は,将来の公衆衛生の成功の鍵です.
関連する概念動画
01:18Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II
2.1K
The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
2.1K
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
3.9K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
3.9K
01:25Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I
2.8K
A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
2.8K
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
4.7K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
4.7K
01:26Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
12.7K
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
12.7K
01:23Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
74
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
74