プレート構造,損傷,継承
David Bercovici1, Yanick Ricard2
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8109, USA.
Nature
|April 11, 2014
まとめ
地球上のプレート構造の開始には,数十億年の遅れが伴いました. リソスフィアの損傷,マントルの流れ,プロト・サブドクションが結合して弱いプレート境界を形成し,地球上の構造構造を可能にしました.
科学分野:
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- テクトニクス (地質学) とは
背景:
- 地球上でのプレート構造の開始は重要な出来事ですが,初期の原始沈殿と広範囲にわたる地球上のプレート構造の間の10億年のギャップはまだ説明されていないままです.
- このタイムラグを理解することは,地球のダイナミックプレート構造の起源を理解するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 地球上のプレート構造の開始における時間遅れの背後にあるメカニズムを調査する.
- 広範囲に広がるプレート境界の形成に,石層の損傷とマントルのダイナミクスがどのように貢献するかを説明するモデルを提案する.
主な方法:
- 粒子の進化,損傷力学,複合体リオロギーを含む数値シミュレーション.
- これらを圧力を駆動する石層流の理想化されたモデルと組み合わせ,コンベクティブダウンウェリング効果をシミュレートします.
- 地球のような,より暑い金星のような表面条件下でモデルをテストする.
主要な成果:
- 地球のような条件では,シミュレーションにより,蓄積された石層損傷と遺伝的な弱い領域と,一時的なマントルの流れが組み合わせて,被動的な拡散とストライクスリップの縁を持つ安定した,潜水力駆動板の形成につながることが示されています.
- より暑い環境 (例えば金星) で,軽微な損傷の蓄積はプレート構造の広範な発展を妨げ,潜水地帯のみが生き残る.
- プレート後の発展,進化する原動力,遺伝的な弱点は,斜面沈下や小プレート断片化を含む地形構造の複雑さを促進する.
結論:
- 提案されたモデルは,石層損傷,マントルの流れ,原始沈殿の相互作用によって,地球のプレート構造の開始における時間遅延をうまく説明しています.
- このモデルの金星への適用性は,惑星構造の発生と様式における表面温度と石層の性質の重要な役割を強調しています.
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