外皮のメルケル細胞は,哺乳類の触覚受容体を調節する機械感知細胞です
Srdjan Maksimovic1, Masashi Nakatani2, Yoshichika Baba1
11] Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2].
Nature
|April 11, 2014
まとめ
皮質細胞の一種であるメルケル細胞は,感覚神経細胞を刺激することによって,タッチ受容体を積極的に調節する. この発見は,機能的なつながりを明らかにし,よりよい触覚知覚のために触覚の敏度を高めています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- ソマトセンセーション (体感覚)
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 触覚の知覚は,触覚の特徴をコードする体感覚アファレントに依存しています.
- 触覚受容体を調節する非ニューロン細胞の役割は議論されており,一部は皮膚の特異性を被動フィルターとして見ています.
- メルケル細胞を含む表皮細胞は,感覚分子を発現しますが,アフェレントとの直接的な刺激的リンクは証明されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 触覚受容における上皮のメルケル細胞の活性作用を調査する.
- メルケル細胞がタクティルアフェレンツと機能的,刺激的つながりを形成しているかどうかを判断する.
- メルケル細胞が触覚の敏度に与える貢献を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- オプトジェネティックアプローチを未傷のマウスの皮膚で利用した.
- メルケル細胞でメカニカル伝導電流を記録した.
- メルケル細胞が欠けているタッチドームアファレントから録音を行った.
主要な成果:
- メルケル細胞は,快速で,触覚によって誘発される機械伝導電流を発揮する.
- メルケル細胞は,タクティルアフェレンスの持続的なアクションポテンシャル発射に不可欠であり,十分である.
- メルケル細胞は,ダイナミックな刺激と持続的なアフェレント発射に対する高周波応答を可能にします.
結論:
- 第1回,表皮細胞と感覚神経細胞の間の直接的な機能的,刺激的つながりを実証した.
- メルケル細胞は,メカノセンサリー反応を活発に調節し,時空的触覚の敏度を高めます.
- メルケル細胞-ニューライト複合体は,労働の分割を示しています: 静的刺激のためのメルケル細胞,動的刺激のためのアフェレンツ.
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