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Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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中央細胞由来ペプチドは,開花植物における初期の胚のパターンを調節する.

Liliana M Costa1, Eleanor Marshall, Mesfin Tesfaye

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 12, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

植物における胚の発達は,胚の周りの因子1 (ESF1) ペプチドに依存し,これらは初期細胞系統とパターンの確立に不可欠である. これらのペプチドは,他の要因と作用し,アラビドプシスの初期の胚の成長を導く.

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科学分野:

  • 植物発達生物学 植物発達生物学
  • 分子遺伝学 分子遺伝学
  • 生殖生物学 生殖生物学

背景:

  • 植物の胚形成は,アピカル・ベース・アキスの確立から始まりますが,その分子基盤は完全に理解されていません.
  • 早期の胚のパターニングは,成功する植物発達に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • アラビドプシス (Arabidopsis) の初期の植物胚形成とプロ胚形成を調節する分子メカニズムを解明する.
  • ジゴティック基底細胞系統の確立に関与する重要な分子プレーヤーを特定する.

主な方法:

  • EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) のペプチドの蓄積と局所化の分析. 胚を囲む因子1 (ESF1) のペプチドの蓄積と局所化の分析. 胚を囲む因子1 (ESF1) のペプチドの蓄積と局所化の分析.
  • ESF1プロペプチド分裂の生化学および構造分析.
  • ESF1ペプチドの非細胞自律的機能を調査する.
  • YODAミトゲン活性化タンパク質キナーゼ経路の機能分析.

主要な成果:

  • EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) ペプチドは,アラビドopsisのジゴティック基礎細胞系統形成とプロ胚のパターン形成に不可欠である.
  • ESF1ペプチドはゲメットとエンドスペルムの細胞に蓄積し,非細胞自律的な方法で作用します.
  • ESF1プロペプチドの分裂により,生物学的に活性な成熟ペプチドが生成されます.
  • ESF1ペプチドは,SHORT SUSPENSORと連携して,YODA経路経由でサスペンサーの延長を促進します.

結論:

  • 2番目の雌性ゲメテと,そこから派生したエンドスペルムは,開花植物における初期の胚のパターン形成において,規制的な役割を果たします.
  • ESF1ペプチドは,早期胚形成の重要な調節体であり,ゲメット機能と胚の発達を結びつけています.