胚性プラズマの獲得は,脊椎動物の進化を加速する.
Teri Evans1, Christopher M Wade, Frank A Chapman
1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
まとめ
胚性プラズマ (前形成) は,表産と比べて脊椎動物の遺伝子進化を加速する. この急速な進化は,種の発生を促し,系統遺伝学的研究における矛盾を引き起こす可能性がある.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
背景:
- 原始生殖細胞 (PGC) の特異化は,エピジェネシス (誘導) またはプレフォーメーション (生殖プラズマ) の2つの主要な経路に従います.
- 胚性プラズマは,収束的に進化したものの,脊椎動物における種の増殖に関連している.
- これらの異なるPGC仕様戦略の進化的影響を理解することは極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 脊椎動物におけるタンパク質をコードする遺伝子の進化速度に対する生殖プラズマの存在の影響を調査する.
- 進化の速度の違いが,系統遺伝的不一致に寄与するかどうかを判断する.
- 胚性プラズマが進化能力を高めるという仮説を検証する.
主な方法:
- タンパク質をコードする配列の比較分析.
- 前形成 (胚性プラズマ) を利用した脊椎動物種と,エピジェネシスを用いた姉妹分類種の比較.
- 遺伝子の進化率と系統遺伝学的データの分析.
主要な成果:
- 遺伝子は,生殖プラズマ (前形成) を利用する脊椎動物種において,著しく速く進化する.
- 胚性プラズマを含む種における加速した進化の速度は,系統遺伝的不一致の源であるように思われる.
- 証拠によると,細菌プラズマは発達上の制約を解放し,進化性を促進する.
結論:
- 胚性プラズマの進化は,分子進化の加速率と関連しています.
- 胚性プラズマによって促進される進化能力の向上は,脊椎動物の種種化における重要な要因かもしれない.
- PGCの仕様における生殖プラズマの役割は,より広範な進化の軌道を左右する.
関連する概念動画
10:24Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation
6.7K
We present a microfluidic cancer-on-chip model, the "Evolution Accelerator" technology, which provides a controllable platform for long-term real-time quantitative studies of cancer dynamics within well-defined environmental conditions at the single-cell level. This technology is expected to work as an in vitro model for fundamental research or pre-clinical drug...
6.7K
The Evidence for Evolution
47.6K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
47.6K
Convergent Evolution
31.4K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
31.4K
Accelerators
276
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
276
Eukaryotic Evolution
40.2K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
40.2K
Synteny and Evolution
3.8K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.8K

