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関連する概念動画

Microvilli00:55

Microvilli

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Microvilli are tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells. Their purpose is to increase the surface area of the cell's apical surface, resulting in more effective absorption or secretion of substances.
These microvilli are predominantly present in cells lining the small intestine, kidney tubules, and certain cells in the respiratory and reproductive systems. By significantly expanding the surface area of the cell membrane, microvilli enhance the cell's capacity...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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関連する実験動画

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The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy
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The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analy

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プロトカデリン基の微小胞間粘着によって駆動される腸のブラッシュ・ボーダー・アセンブリ

Scott W Crawley1, David A Shifrin1, Nathan E Grega-Larson1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Cell
|April 15, 2014
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ブラッシュ・ボーダー・アセンブリは,特定のプロトカデリンによって媒介されるマイクロビリ間のカルシウムに依存する粘着リンクに依存しています. アッシャー症候群のモデルで見られるこのプロセスの欠陥は,これらのリンクが腸の機能に与える重要性を強調しています.

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Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids
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関連する実験動画

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 皮質生物学 エピテリア生物学
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは

背景:

  • アピカルマイクロビルは,吸収と防御のために上皮質の表面積を増やす.
  • マイクロビリから成る腸のブラシ境界は,ホメオスタシスにとって極めて重要です.
  • ブラッシュ・ボーダー・アセンブリのメカニズムは,まだ十分に理解されていない.

研究 の 目的:

  • 腸のブラシ・ボーダー・アセンブリを駆動する分子メカニズムを解明する.
  • マイクロビラー粘着と組織に関与する重要なタンパク質を特定する.
  • ブラッシュ・ボーダー・デフェクトとアッシャー症候群の関連性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 微小ウイルスの間のCa(2+) に依存する粘着結合が調査されています.
  • 微小胞間結合におけるプロトカデリン-24とムシンのようなプロトカデリンの役割を特徴づけた.
  • アッシャー症候群のハーモリン欠乏マウスモデルを利用した.

主要な成果:

  • ブラッシュ・ボーダー・アセンブリは,ミクロビルの間のCa2+) に依存する粘着によって引き起こされます.
  • プロトカデリン-24とムシンのようなプロトカデリンは,マイクロビラスの先端でトランスヘテロフィリック複合体を形成する.
  • ハーモニンとミオシン-7bは,マイクロビラープロトカヘリンの局所化を促進する.
  • ハーモニンの欠乏は,プロトカヘリンの誤局と重度のブラシ境界欠陥を引き起こす.

結論:

  • ブラッシュ・ボーダー・アセンブリのための粘着ベースのメカニズムを明らかにした.
  • マイクロビラ組織にとって重要なプロトカデリン媒介付着を特定した.
  • アッシャー症候群の病理学とブラッシュ・ボーダー・アセンブリの欠陥との関係を確立した.