腸内TH17細胞が,共生性細菌抗原に特異的に焦点を当てている
Yi Yang1, Miriam B Torchinsky1, Michael Gobert1
1The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Nature
|April 18, 2014
まとめ
セグメンテッド・フィラメント菌 (SFB) は,特異的に腸内のT-ヘルパー17 (TH17) 細胞を誘導する. これらのTH17細胞はSFB抗原を認識し,自己免疫疾患と粘膜免疫に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
背景:
- T-ヘルパー17 (TH17) 細胞は,粘膜の防御と自己免疫疾患に不可欠です.
- TH17細胞は小腸内膜に豊富に存在し,その存在には腸内微生物群が必要である.
- セグメンテッド・フィラメント菌 (SFB) は,動物モデルにおけるTH17細胞および関連する自己免疫疾患の誘発因子として知られています.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内のTH17細胞の特異性を調査する.
- 特定の細菌がTH17細胞を誘発するメカニズムを解明する.
- TH17細胞が組織特異の炎症にどのように寄与するかを理解する.
主な方法:
- SFBでコロニー化されたマウスの腸内TH17細胞におけるT細胞抗原受容体 (TCR) レパートリーの分析.
- SFBでコードされた抗原に対する応答としてTH17細胞の分化評価.
- SFBとListeria monocytogenesによる共植民地化実験で,抗原特異性を評価する.
主要な成果:
- SFBでコロニー化されたマウスの腸内TH17細胞は,他のCD4 (((+) T細胞との重複が最小限にある独特のTCRレパートリーを示しています.
- TH17細胞の大多数は,他のT細胞とは異なり,SFBによってコードされた抗原を認識します.
- SFB抗原に特異的なTCRを持つT細胞は,他の微生物刺激に関係なく,RORγt発現TH17細胞に微分化します.
結論:
- 抗原を産生する細菌によって決定される抗原特異性は,T細胞エフェクター機能を決定する.
- この特異性は,腸内微生物群が臓器特異的自己免疫にどのように貢献するかを理解する鍵です.
- 発見は,特定の細菌の抗原を標的とした新しい粘膜ワクチンを開発するための洞察を提供します.
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