哺乳類のY染色体は,広く発現する用量感受性レギュレータを保持しています
Daniel W Bellott1, Jennifer F Hughes1, Helen Skaletsky1
1Whitehead Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, & Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Nature
|April 25, 2014
まとめ
Y染色体は,遺伝的衰退にもかかわらず,男性の生存力にとって不可欠な遺伝子を保持しています. その特殊な遺伝子の含有量は,基本的な細胞のプロセスを調節し,健康と病気に影響を与え,生殖を超えています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 人間のY染色体は,オートソームのペアから進化したが,何百万年にもわたって重要な遺伝子喪失を経験した.
- 祖先の遺伝子のわずかな部分しか残っていないため,その生存と機能に関する疑問が生じています.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類の8種におけるY染色体の進化を再現する.
- 遺伝子内容のバイアスを特定し,Y結合遺伝子を保存する選択的圧力.
- Y染色体の機能的専門性を理解するために.
主な方法:
- 哺乳類の8種におけるY染色体進化の比較ゲノム分析.
- 保存された遺伝子の含有量と異なる遺伝子の含有量の識別
- 生き残った祖先の遺伝子に作用する選択的圧力の分析.
主要な成果:
- Y染色体遺伝子の生存は非ランダムで,胎盤と marsupial 哺乳類の間の収束進化のいくつかの例がありました.
- Y染色体の遺伝子含有量は,X-Y同質の遺伝子ペアの投与量を維持するために特化されています.
- これらの保存された遺伝子は,転写,翻訳,およびタンパク質の安定性の広範囲に表現されたレギュレータです.
結論:
- Y染色体の特異化は,男性の生存に必要な遺伝子用量を維持するための選択によって引き起こされる.
- 性別決定と精子生成を超えて,Y染色体は男性全体の健康に重要な役割を果たしています.
- Y染色体は,ターナー症候群や,健康と病気における性に基づく表型的差異のような状態に関与している可能性があります.
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