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関連する概念動画

Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

15.7K
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
15.7K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.1K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
13.1K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.6K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.6K
Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

6.3K
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
6.3K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

11.5K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
11.5K
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

2.1K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ
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In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ

Published on: September 10, 2016

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ネズミのフェロモンタンパク質は,文脈に依存する組み合わせコードを構成し,複数の社会的行動を支配しています.

Angeldeep W Kaur1, Tobias Ackels2, Tsung-Han Kuo1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Cell
|April 29, 2014
PubMed
まとめ

ネズミは,主要な尿路タンパク質 (MUP) の組み合わせコードを使用して,自分と他のものを区別し,独自の匂いのサインを学習します. この化学的なコミュニケーションは,攻撃性を引き起こすこともあり,MUPは学習された情報と先天的な社会的情報の両方を伝達することを示しています.

さらに関連する動画

Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor
11:26

Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

Published on: December 6, 2011

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Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior
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Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ
10:11

In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ

Published on: September 10, 2016

6.9K
Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor
11:26

Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

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Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior
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Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior

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科学分野:

  • 動物の行動 動物の行動
  • 神経倫理学 神経倫理学とは
  • 化学エコロジー 化学エコロジー

背景:

  • 社会的相互作用は,信号の解釈に依存しています.
  • マウスは,領土対照標識のために自己/他者の差別を使用します.
  • 嗅覚のヒントは,社会的認識に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • マウスにおける社会的差別のための化学的シグナルを特定する.
  • これらのシグナルがどのように解釈されるかを理解します.
  • 主要尿道タンパク質 (MUP) の行動における役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 嗅覚に依存した対照測定法を開発した.
  • マウスの行動に対する主要な尿路タンパク質 (MUP) の効果をテストした.
  • MUPの感覚検出戦略を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • 主要な尿タンパク質 (MUPs) は,対照標識を誘発するのに十分である.
  • MUPは単一のニューロンではなく,組み合わせ戦略によって検出されます.
  • 学習された"自己"の化学感知シグネチャーは,MUP曝露によって開発されます.
  • MUPは経験とは無関係に攻撃性を引き起こすが,文脈に依存する.

結論:

  • 個々に発する化学信号は,組合せ変数と比率を通して解釈されます.
  • MUPは,固定された情報 (攻撃) と学習された情報 (自己認識) をともに伝達します.
  • この化学的コミュニケーションシステムは,多様な社会的行動をサポートしています.