屋外空気の汚染と喘息
Michael Guarnieri1, John R Balmes1
1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 6, 2014
まとめ
交通汚染を含む室外大気汚染は,既存の喘息を悪化させ,新規症例の発生に寄与する可能性があります. このレビューは,粒子状物質やオゾンなどの汚染物質に関する最近の臨床研究を調査し,それらを呼吸道炎症と喘息のリスクの増加と関連付けています.
科学分野:
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- 呼吸器医学とは
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 交通や発電による都市部の大気汚染は,重大な環境問題である.
- 何十年もの研究が,屋外空気の汚染と喘息の悪化との関連を裏付けている.
- 新興の証拠は,新発性の喘息の発生に大気汚染の役割があることを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 空気汚染が喘息に及ぼす影響に関する最近の臨床的証拠 (疫学的および実験的) を検討する.
- 大気汚染物質が呼吸道に影響を与えるメカニズム的な経路について議論する.
- 空気汚染と喘息に関する臨床的影響,政策的検討,および研究ニーズを探求する.
主な方法:
- 疫学的および実験的設計を含む臨床研究に焦点を当てます.
- 過去5年間に出版された研究の分析.
- 様々な大気汚染物質の調査:粒子状物質 (PM),オゾン (O3),二酸化窒素 (NO2),二酸化硫黄 (SO2),交通関連の大気汚染.
主要な成果:
- 大気汚染物質は,呼吸道における酸化ストレスを誘発し,炎症,組織改造,敏感化を促す可能性が高い.
- いくつかの汚染物質が新発性喘息と関連していますが,証拠の強さは異なります.
- 最近の研究では,特定の汚染物質と有害な呼吸器疾患との関連が確認されています.
結論:
- 空気汚染は,喘息の悪化と潜在的に新たに発症する喘息の両方の重要な要因です.
- 汚染物質による呼吸道損傷のメカニズムを理解することは,効果的な介入に不可欠です.
- 空気汚染に対処するには,統合された臨床,政策,研究戦略を導入し,喘息の負担を軽減する必要があります.
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