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25×25の非伝染性疾患による死亡率削減目標を達成するための6つのリスク要因の貢献:モデル化研究
Vasilis Kontis1, Colin D Mathers2, Jürgen Rehm3
1MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 7, 2014
まとめ
非伝染性疾患 (NCD) の危険因子目標を達成することで,2025年までに早死率を大幅に減らすことができます. より野心的なたばこ対策の目標は,特に低所得国において,より大きな影響を及ぼすために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
背景:
- グローバルな目標は,2025年までに4つの主要な非伝染性疾患 (NCD) による早期死亡率を25%削減することを目指しています.
- 主要なNCDリスク因子については合意された目標があるが,死亡率削減への影響については評価が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 全世界の25×25の死亡率削減目標に向けた6つのNCDリスク因子目標の達成の貢献度を推定する.
- 心血管疾患,慢性呼吸器疾患,がん,糖尿病による早期死亡率に対するリスク因子目標達成の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 系統的分析から得られたリスク因子と死亡率の動向に関する国レベルのデータを活用した.
- 相対的なリスクを決定するために,疫学研究の再分析とメタ分析を雇いました.
- NCDの多因性およびリスク因子の変化による影響の漸進的な蓄積を考慮した.
主要な成果:
- 危険因子目標を達成することで,NCDの早期死亡率は2025年までに男性で22%,女性で19%減少する可能性があります.
- これにより,2010年から2025年までの間,NCDによる死亡の3700万件以上を予防または遅らせることができます.
- 3100万人の死亡を含む利益の大部分は,低所得および中所得国に投影され,世界の不平等を軽減します.
結論:
- 合意されたリスク因子目標を達成することで,NCDの早期死亡率は25×25の目標に近づくようになり,低所得国でも大きな利益が得られるでしょう.
- タバコの使用削減のためのより野心的な目標は,実質的な死亡率の利益と実現可能性のために推奨されています.
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